The Role of Advance Practice Nursing Essay Example

The Role of Advance Practice Nursing Paper Since the beginning nursing has been characterized from multiple points of view. As of late the field of advance work on nursing has risen as medical caretakers are taking on all the more testing and extensive jobs inside the human services field. One may characterize a development practice nurture from multiple points of view. As indicated by the Department of Regulation and Licensing in Wisconsin, and propelled practice nurture is an enrolled nurture with the accompanying accreditations: (1) holds an expert nursing permit inside the state, (2) is affirmed by a national guaranteeing authority as a medical caretaker professionals, enlisted nurture anesthetist, clinical attendant master or other nursing pro and (3) an enlisted nurture who holds an advanced education by a certify college (DRL, 2004). This definition is genuinely standard among most other nursing foundations. As a rule propelled practice attendants may not endorse drugs, however there is currently an affirmation APNs can get that permit them to recommend prescriptions in specific cases. As indicated by the American Nurses Association and propelled practice medical caretaker or APN is an umbrella term given to an enlisted nurture (RN) who has met progressed instructive and clinical practice necessities (ANA, 2005). We will compose a custom article test on The Role of Advance Practice Nursing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Role of Advance Practice Nursing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Role of Advance Practice Nursing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer An APN in this way by and large has more than 2-4 years of essential nursing training (ANA, 2005). An APN is relied upon to complete more self-sufficient obligations than a customary RN, remembering finding and treatment of patients for some examples. One may close from these two correlations then that an APN is a profoundly specific medical attendant with cutting edge aptitudes in conclusion and treatment of sickness in addition to other things. Job of APN APNs come in numerous structures and their jobs change altogether relying upon their forte or key region of training. The more typical strengths or fields a medical caretaker takes on incorporate attendant professionals (NP), Certified Nurse Midwifes (CNM), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS) and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) (ANA, 2005). The job of an APN changes as indicated by their claim to fame, anyway most give a large number of administrations to patients in work settings, clinical consideration settings, retirement networks, emergency clinics and even schools (ANA, 2005). Since a great many people know about the term nurture expert or NP, well look at the job of a NP all the more intently. Suggested Reading  Nursing Practice A NP for the most part works inside a clinical setting, private office, and medical clinic or in a nursing home (ANA, 2005). Many are spent significant time in a particular field like pediatrics or obstetrics. NPs direct an assortment of clinical consideration undertakings, which may incorporate determination, thorough clinical narratives, physical assessments, translation of labs or X-beams and patient instruction (ANA, 2005). Medical attendant Midwives then again give gynecologic and obstetric consideration to ladies including pre-birth care and work and conveyance care (ANA, 2005). Confirmed medical caretaker birthing assistants speak to one of the quickest developing regions of APN practice lately (ANA, 2005). The job of the APN additionally incorporates mental help for patients and their relatives. Medical attendants by and large take part in considerably more personal connections with patients by and large than essential consideration suppliers or doctors. They regularly have the chance to talk more to patients about their narratives, current condition, way of life and needs, needs and wants as to human services rehearses (Lumby, 2004). This private bond opens numerous roads for help and development inside the human services calling as medical caretakers start acknowledging better approaches for addressing persistent needs and offering the most noteworthy conceivable degree of value care. Lumby (2004) recommends that the term advance practice nurture or even medical caretaker specialist is one that is questionable at wagered in light of the fact that the term professional explicitly has ordinarily been saved for specialists. The creator additionally calls attention to that all medical caretakers are specialists of nursing paying little mind to their abilities or aptitude (Lumby, 40). The creator provokes the calling of nursing to concentrate on key issues, which she characterizes as building up the ability to explore and explain the advancement going on inside the calling (Lumby, 41). Among the present issues confronting advance practice medical caretakers and the nursing calling by and large incorporate discovering techniques to conveyance customer centered quality wellbeing administrations and move people perspective from a supplier driven framework to a purchaser driven framework that empowers shoppers to settle on educated decisions with respect to their human services (Lumby, 41). Issues and Discussion of Advance Practice Nursing Lumby makes a valid statement. It isn't close to as critical to characterize a development practice nurture for what it's worth to characterize what strategies, techniques and practices medical caretakers should receive later on to drive human services in a shopper arranged bearing. The medicinal services industry has since quite a while ago confronted numerous emergencies none the least of which is giving satisfactory social insurance to an undeniably different populace. Propelled practice medical attendants, with extra preparing and increasingly particular consideration, are associating significantly more than RNs with patients regularly. They are assuming key jobs in the wellbeing results of patients in the short and long haul in numerous occurrences. Numerous APN are likewise settling on choices that at last will influence a patients long haul wellbeing and prosperity. It is significant as Lumby brings up that APNs concentrate on empowering or engaging shoppers to settle on free decisions with respect to their social insurance. Buyers need to feel they are playing a functioning job in the dynamic procedure with regards to their wellbeing and prosperity. APNs can help encourage this procedure by illuminating patients and notifying them of their decisions in a social insurance setting. Much like a doctor most APN lead independent choices when diagnosing and rewarding complex manifestations in patients. APNs must not exclusively be clinically gifted at diagnosing and evaluating yet in addition coordinate significant abilities, for example, training, correspondence and administration and carries these elements into the patient medical caretaker relationship. The job of the APN will probably keep on changing with time as the medicinal services guidelines inside the country and over the globe keep on evolving. New jobs and strengths inside the field of advance work on nursing will likewise rise as social insurance develops and changes in the forthcoming years. Ideally these progressions will at last outcome in better human services administrations and better characterized jobs for the two parental figures and patients in a social insurance setting. Also APNs will probably keep on confronting progressing difficulties in the social insurance field, including difficulties introduced by working under an oversaw care framework that doesnt bear the cost of equivalent access to human services to all individuals in the states. APNs should keep on working together intently with partners and doctors as well as with individuals from the network and patients to widen their experience and grow new strategies for addressing purchasers needs in as Lumby calls it, an inexorably shopper driven practice. List of sources : ANA. Propelled work on nursing: another age in medicinal services. 1997 American Nurses Association. 23 Sept 2005: http://www. nursingworld. organization/readroom/fsadvprc. htm DRL. (2004 Jan). DRL Advanced Practice Nurse Prescriber. January 8, 2004. Wisconsin Department of Regulation and Licensing. 24, Sept 2005: http://drl. wi. gov/prof/nura/def. htm Lumby, J. (2000). Clinical difficulties: Focus on nursing. St. Lenoards, Allen ; Unwin.

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Essay Example

Item and Purification and Infrared range of trimyristin Essay Example Item and Purification and Infrared range of trimyristin Paper Item and Purification and Infrared range of trimyristin Paper Trimyristin is one individual from a class of triglycerides which is found in creatures greasy tissues and vegetable or marine oils. It can disintegrate in natural compound, for example, hot CH3)2CO promptly as it is a non-polar compound. After the disconnection of tirmyristin from nutmeg seed by dissolvable extraction followed by recrystallizaiton, the present of practical gatherings in natural atoms can be distinguished by infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most helpful instruments accessible to the natural physicist as just little amount of test is required, the expense of the spectrometer is generally little and the use of this strategy is wide. A particle is continually vibrating. Changes in vibrations of an atom are brought about by ingestion of infrared light. A specific piece of the infrared range is alluded to either by its frequency or its recurrence. In this way, infrared range is an exceptionally trademark property of a natural compound and can be utilized both to build up the personality of two mixes and to uncover the structure of another compound. Limited quantity of actuated carbon is added to during the recrystallization so as to assimilate the shading inside the arrangement. From that point forward, it very well may be sift through by the fluted channel paper. Objective: To disconnect trimyristin from nutmeg seed by dissolvable extraction To sanitized it by recrystallization. To get an infrared range of the secluded trimyristin from the recrystallized trimyristin from the experiment. To study the contrast between the infrared range consequences of the separated trimyristin from analyze 3 and the recrystallized trimyristin Materials and Methods Procedure for the confinement trimyristin from nutmeg seed by dissolvable extraction. 15.13g of ground nutmeg seed, 40ml of CH3)2CO and five antibumping granules were set into a 100ml round base flagon. The ground glass joints of the 100-ml response cup and the external joint of the reflux condenser were greased up by Vaseline to forestall the glass joints from freezing together. The blend was then permitted to reflux for 15 minutes. Then, the warming mantle was turned off and the hot arrangement was sifted into a 100 ml tapered carafe containing 15 ml CH3)2CO on a high temp water shower utilizing a hot stemless pipe which was preheated to about 80?C and fitted with a fluted channel paper. The concentrates were permitted to cool in an ice shower until crystallization was finished while the strong material was detached by attractions filtration. Methodology for recrystallization The detached item from ex 3 was set in a 100ml funnel shaped cup. At that point 30ml CH3)2CO and a modest quantity of initiated charcoal were included. The blend was warmed in a high temp water shower. From that point forward, the arrangement was separated and permitted to cool in an ice shower. The filtered trimyristin gems were gathered by attractions filtration. The weight and softening purpose of the item were likewise determined. Procedure for infrared spectroscopy. Around 15 to 20 mg of the recrystallized test was ground in an agate mortar, at that point a drop of the paraffin oil was included, and was ground for 2 to 5 minutes until a ponder was framed. The ponder was moved to the base salt plate of a demountable cell. The top plate was then positioned and bent to convey the example equally and wipe out all air pockets and the range was run. Subsequent to running the example, the salt plates were cleaned off with a tissue paper soaked with CH3)2CO. The mechanical assembly for refluxing an answer is constantly left open to the air during warming and is never stoppered in such a case that the device is in a shut framework and the temperature of that framework is expanded, air will extend. What's more, the dissolvable will vanish into gas so the weight inside will increment too. As the weight inside will proceed to increment and until the mechanical assembly can't stand the weight, the device will break and the arrangement may spread. That is the reason it is extremely hazardous when warming in a shut framework. IR spectrum In our gathering, the IR range of recrystallized test was finished. In the range, there were a top at 1735.84cm-1 which demonstrated the nearness of C=O bond,â peaks at about 1180cm-1 which showed the nearness of C-O security and the top at 2842.67cm-1 to 2920cm-1 demonstrated the nearness of aliphatic C-H bond. By contrasting the IR range of un-recrystallized test from the other gathering, comparative example of the range was acquired. Same useful gatherings were found in that example however the transmittance of the recrystallized one was a lot of lower than the un-recrystallized one which demonstrated that the virtue of the recrystallized test was higher. Wellspring of errors If the blend was warming under reflux for a really long time, different things may likewise remove. Also, there was loss of test during the exchange procedure as some strong would follow on the cups, Buchner channel or even the weighting bottle. A portion of the trimyristin may not totally break down in the hot CH3)2CO so less trimyristin was extricated. As the dissolvability of trimyristin in hot CH3)2CO is a lot greater than in colder CH3)2CO, on the off chance that we dont channel rapidly in the wake of warming, the temperature would diminish and less trimyristin would be segregated. For the IR range of the recrystallized test, some sharp superfluous pinnacles may show up as a result of the CH3)2CO or different pollutions as we utilized CH3)2CO to clean the plate which didn't dissipate totally before we put them in the spectroscopy. Improvement For the immaculateness, we can rehash the procedure of recrystallization in spite of the fact that the yield may be brought down. In addition, the item could be permitted to dry in the pull channel for additional time. Small measure of charcoal was included first, at that point warm the blend for some time if the yellow shading despite everything present, somewhat more charcoal is included as opposed to including a lot from the outset. For the reflux, it is preferable not reflux for progressively over 20 minutes. During reflux, the stand should shake tenderly so that the trimyristin can more readily break down in the hot CH3)2CO and should channel the arrangement as brisk as conceivable subsequent to warming. At long last, sit tight for some time in the wake of cleaning the salts plates or device utilized for IR spectroscopy with the goal that the CH3)2CO can completely vanish all together not to meddle the outcomes.

The Little Free Libraries of East Rogers Park

The Little Free Libraries of East Rogers Park There are three Little Free Libraries within less than a mile of me, and many more in my neighborhood. I live on the east side of Rogers Park, a community between Northwestern and Loyola Universities on Chicago’s far north side. It is one of Chicagos very few integrated neighborhoods, and one of the few places in America where people of different backgrounds live together in relatively even numbers. It is a place Eula Biss and Richard Powers wrote about, and it has beaches where the waves of the Great Lake crash in the late November gales. All three of the Little Free Libraries are as diverse as the people who live here, all three making me feel just a little bit more like I am home. One is long and green and skinny. It overlooks a vacant lot where The Heartland restaurant once stood. The little library is the last eminent of the rebellious, political, community-based feel of what the restaurant down the street. The second one sits on a narrow road near the L tracks. Like the one in front of the Heartland, this one is surrounded by colorful murals, a testament to the art of the city. This little free library waits for passersby on their way to the station and looms over a strange yard full of found art, sculptures made of old plastic happy meal toys and metal scrap spin in the breeze. It is clear on all sides and has lots of graffiti. I have seen someone take my books straight out of it, less than a minute after I have put them in. The quietest one has a view of Lake Michigan. It looks out over the street with its bright red door begging to be opened. Lately, it was full of a strange collection of old sci-fi novels and mysteries the last time I passed by. It sits on the top of a fence about a hedgerow and looks as if it too were growing. As an avid reader with a tiny studio apartment, I am often quite careful with the number of books I keep. Because of this I often have to purge the sagging shelves, and the little free library is just the place. I take stacks of advanced reader copies; books I know I will only read once and the occasional gently loved magazine to the libraries. I crack open their doors and leaving the books in a neat row to be read by someone new. I like walking by a few days later to see what books people have taken and which books are still there waiting for me. Like with all Little Free Libraries around the country, you never know what you will find inside the one’s here in Rogers Park or the rest of Chicago. Sometimes they are packed full while other times there is only a lonely book or two. I have found VHS, old manuals, and loads and loads of diet books. But I have also found treasures too, including essay collections, contemporary fiction, strange little zines, and even a first edition of   Ahab’s Wife. As one of my all-time favorite books, Ahabs wife now sits proudly on my top shelf. There is something deeply connecting about Little Free Libraries, no matter where I find them. They normalize and democratize reading in a profound way. We are are losing this democratic bookishness as more and more libraries sacrifice shelf space for computer space. I am grateful to have these little shrines to books in my neighborhood and I hope I can keep filling them for years to come.

Research Paper on Global Positioning System

Research Paper on Global Positioning System Abstract Irrespective of time, location, and whether, Global Position System provides unparalleled range of services to commercial military and consumer applications. Majority of these services enables airborne, land, and sea users to know their exact velocity, location, and time whenever and wherever on Earth. The development and capabilities of the GPS technology have rendered obsolete and impractical, other traditional positioning and well-known navigation systems and technologies such as magnetic compasses, radio-based devices, and chronometers among others. Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites, 21 of which are active while three (3) are spares and are located at an altitude of 10600 miles above the surface of the earth (El-Rabbany, 2002). GPS receivers on the ground is fitted with computers that are capable of triangulating its own sense after obtaining bearings from the other three (4) of the four (4) GPS satellites located in the same horizon. GPS segments are categorize d into three distinct segments that include space segment, control segment, and user segment. Global Positioning systems perform an array of functions on land, in air, or at sea. There are specific features that make GPS systems be attractive. These includes the ability to provide high positioning accuracies, the capability to determine accurate time and velocity accuracies, readily available signals in any part of the world, the free services at no charge, and all all-weather service delivery system (Andrews, Weill, and Grewal, 2007). Despite the above advantages, a number of challenges that still impede the transmission of signals still exist within the limits of GPS technologies. Majority of these challenges includes errors such as inaccuracies associated with the reported location of satellites (orbital errors), receiver clock errors, signal multipath, and number of visible satellites, which can affect position reading or impede signal reception. Global Positioning System Irrespective of time, location, and whether, Global Position System provides unparalleled range of services to commercial military and consumer applications. Majority of these services enables airborne, land, and sea users to know their exact velocity, location, and time whenever and wherever on Earth. The development and capabilities of the GPS technology have rendered obsolete and impractical, other traditional positioning and well-known navigation systems and technologies such as magnetic compasses, radio-based devices, and chronometers among others. Twenty-four (24) GPS satellites are strategically located 10, 600 miles from Earth and they are in circular orbits with each other (El-Rabbany, 2002). The orbital period is 12 hours, and satellites are distributed in six orbital planes with equally spaced angles. Out of the 24 GPS satellites, twenty-one (21) are active while three (3) are spaces. The GPS satellites are spaced in such a manner that four (4) GPS satellites will always b e beyond the horizon. In terms of structure and composition, each GPS satellite is equipped with an atomic clock, a computer, and a radio. Each radio understands its own clock and orbit thereby enabling it to broadcast continuously any changes in time and position. For instance, any minor corrections are made on each day after each GPS satellite verifies its own sense of position and time with other stations located on the ground. GPS receivers on the ground are fitted with computers that are capable of triangulating its own sense after obtaining bearings from the other three (4) of the four (4) GPS satellites located in the same horizon (El-Rabbany, 2002). The display screen on GPS receivers shows a map whereby the position of the object can be drawn from the map. Identification of geographic positions and altitude becomes possible if signals from the fourth satellite are receivable. Interestingly, the receivers are capable of calculating direction and speed during movements, and this capability enables navigators to estimate the arrival times to specified locations. Readings in most receivers are obtained in the form of geographic positions, that is, latitude and longitude. Finally, advanced and specialized GPS receivers can be programmed to store vital data that are usable in map making and as well important for Geographic Information Systems. Project Objectives This report limits itself to the discussion of the Global Positioning Systems, their structure, operations, and usefulness in different sectors and applications across the globe. This report aims to fulfill the following objectives: Explain what is meant by Global Position Systems and other GPS terminologies and as well shed some light on its history Discuss the structure and operations of GPS system Explain the different structures of GPS segments Outline the primary functions of GPS systems and technologies Examine the accuracy of GPS information and if possible, identify sources of errors that can affect the accuracy of GPS information Identify the primary users of GPS applications and other necessary conditions that should be fulfilled when purchasing GPS systems Identify other competitor versions of GPS systems Global Positioning Systems and their History Global Positioning Systems (GPS) refers to satellite-based radio-positioning systems and time-transfer systems that provide three-dimensional course, position, and time information to suitably equipped users. The radios sends, receives, and provides time and location information at any time, place, and weather provided the GPS radios are not obstructed from the four other orbital satellites. Other valuable information displayed by GPS technologies includes velocity and altitude. The U.S. Department of Defense designs, finances, and operates GPS systems while the USA owns the GPS technology. Other than the unparalleled advantages offered to the military, GPS systems have proven to be of fundamental benefits to the civilian community whereby GPS applications are used in rapidly expanding sets of applications. The Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites that are in circular orbits around the Earth with the orbital period of approximately 12 hours (Kaplan, 1996). The satellit es are distributed across six orbital planes that are equally spaced in angles. Each Global Positioning Satellite is built with an atomic clock, a computer, and a radio The history of GPS systems can be traced to 1973 when the United States Department of Defense began to develop a 24-hour, all-weather global positioning system to provide support for the positioning requirements of US armed forces. The GPS was formerly referred to as the NAVSTAR (Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging). Ideally, the GPS system was designed as a form of replacement to already large navigational system that was already in use, and as well, the need to obtain reliability and survivability for navigation systems in handling a wide variety of dynamics (Kaplan, 1996; Parkinson, and Spilker 1996). Other motives that initiated the development of GPS Technology included the need for a system to service unlimited users, and a system that does not require the transmission of signals from users to satellites. Eventually, it led to the design of a system that surpassed the intended concepts such that a one-way system was developed to transmit signals with no receiving functions. This function was essential in that enemies could not detect signals being relayed within the confines of the military. Additionally, the developed system used microwave transmission technology, was equipped with the latest atomic clocks, could transmit signals regardless of the prevailing weather conditions, and provided accurate navigation and positioning details (Parkinson, and Spilker 1996). Due to the relatively cheap cost and inexpensive equipment, the GPS technology was availed freely to the civilian population. Structure and operations of the GPS As earlier mentioned, the Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites, 21 of which are active while three (3) are spares and are located at an altitude of 10600 miles above the surface of the earth (El-Rabbany, 2002). The satellites are strategically arranged in orbits such that at any time of the day, at least four satellites are visible above the earth’s horizon. The receivers on the ground detect their positions in reference to the GPS satellites. The primary navigation principle is obtained based on the measurement of pseudoranges between the four satellites and the user (Seeber, 2003). Equally, the stations located on the ground provide precise monitoring of the orbit at every level of the satellite and measures the travel time signals transmitted between the four satellites and the receiver. In turn, the accurate direction, location, and speed is the measure. Structures of GPS Segments GPS segments are categorized into three distinct segments that include control segment, user segment, and space segment. The space segment contains at least 24 GPS satellites that follow a specific pattern when orbiting the earth (Seeber, 2003). The satellites travel at an approximate speed of 7,000 miles per hour, and the satellites are spaced such that at least four GPS satellites can send signals to a GPS receiver located anywhere on earth. From each GPS receiver, coded radio signals are sent to earth and each signal contains particular information. The information includes the particular satellite sending the information, the exact position of the satellite, date and time the signal was sent, and whether the satellite was performing properly. Satellites use solar energy, but they are also powered by backup batteries in the absence of solar energy (Seeber, 2003). Majority of the satellites have been built to last for approximately 10 years after which they are replaced. Monitoring , control, and replacement of space satellites and GPS technology is done by the US Department of Defense. The control segment entails constant monitoring of the health of satellites, the orbital configuration, and intensity of signals. The control segment is further subdivided into ground antennas, monitor stations, and master control station. There are at least six unmanned monitor stations all over the earth, each station is in constantly receiving, and monitoring information from GPS satellites and at the same time relays the clock and orbital information to master control stations (MCS). Similarly, Master Control Stations make precise corrections of orbital and clock information received from monitor stations. It sends the corrected information to ground antennas (Seeber, 2003). Last, the Ground Antennas are responsible for receiving corrected clock and orbital information from the Master Control Station and in turn, relays the corrected information to appropriate satellites. Finally, the user segment of the GPS systems is made up of GPS receivers, which are responsible for collecting and processing signals received from GPS satellites that are in the range. It then uses the collected information to find and display the location, time, speed, and altitude of the receiver (Seeber, 2003). No information is transmitted from the receiver to the satellites. Primary Functions of Global Positioning Systems Global Positioning systems perform an array of functions on land, in air, or at sea. There are specific features that make GPS systems be attractive. These includes the ability to provide high positioning accuracies, the capability to determine accurate time and velocity accuracies, readily available signals in any part of the world, the free services at no charge, and all all-weather service delivery system (Andrews, Weill, and Grewal, 2007). Above all, GPS technologies provide accurate position information in three dimensions (vertical and horizontal information). Currently, it is estimated that the number of civilian users exceeds the number of military users. In light of these characteristics, the global sectors are exceedingly utilizing the services of GPS technologies. GPS systems were initially designed for military purposes and they have remained significant in facilitating military operations. Military ships, aircraft, tanks, and equipment use GPS technology for navigation purposes, provision of close air support, improving weapon technology, and determining target destination. In agriculture, GPS technologies are used in precision farming to monitor the process of applying fertilizer and pesticides in addition to proving accurate location information that enable farmers to plow, map fields, harvest, and identify potential disease areas or weed infestation. In the aviation industry, aircraft and airplane pilots utilize GPS technology to identify en route navigation and airport approaches. Additionally, the accurate location of aircraft can be identified from any place on or near the earth’s surface through the help of Satellite navigation (Andrews, Weill, and Grewal, 2007). In environmental management, GPS technology has been utilized in surveying disaster prone areas, and as well in mapping the movement of environmental phenomena such as hurricanes or forest fires. Interestingly, GPS technology can also be used in the identification of locations that have been altered or submerged by natural disasters. Another area that utilizes GPS technology is Ground transportation. GPS technologies are used in vehicle tracking systems, in-vehicle navigation systems, and in automatic vehicle location systems. Majority of these systems shows the location of vehicles on an electronic sheet map thereby enabling drivers to track their exact locations and as well, get an overview of other destinations. Other systems are designed to automatically design a route and provide turn-by-turn directions to provide guidance to drivers. Furthermore, GPS technologies facilitates the process of monitoring and planning routes for emergency vehicles and delivery vans. Rail transport systems also use GPS technologies to estimate precise locations of trains, manage the flow of traffic, prevent collision of trains, and in the estimation of time, speed, and distance covered by trains (Andrews, Weill, and Grewal, 2007). In marine systems, GPS technologies assist in marine navigation, surveying underwater, routing traff ic, locating navigational hazards, and marine mapping. Moreover, commercial fishing fleets use GPS technology to identify and navigate to areas with optimum fishing opportunities and as well to track the migration of fishes. GPS technologies are also used for public safety such as locating emergency areas, and in recreation for finding bearings, estimating distance, time, and in returning to the original locations. Space science also utilizes GPS technologies to track and control the behavior and motions of satellites in orbit. Space shuttles and future rockets also depend on GPS technologies. Finally yet important, field of surveying heavily utilizes GPS technologies in both complex and basic tasks such as development of urban infrastructures and defining property lines respectively. Furthermore, mapping roads, rail systems, and surveying land maps is possible with the utilization of GPS technologies. Accuracy of Global Position Systems The accuracy of GPS systems depends with the precision of signals that emanate from GPS satellites to GPS receivers. Additionally, the number of obstacles that can obscure your receiver from the GPS systems are critical in the determining the precision and accuracy of information obtained from GPS systems. The types of receivers also play a significant role in the determination of GPS accuracy. Majority of GPS receivers have an accuracy range of +/- 10m. Other accurate forms of GPS receivers include Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS). The accuracy of most GPS systems is affected by errors. Common sources of errors to GPS systems include inaccuracies associated with the reported location of satellites (orbital errors), receiver clock errors, signal multipath that makes GPS signals bounce off objects, and number of visible satellites, which can affect position reading or impede signal reception (Tsui, 2005). Satellite Shading also affects the accuracy of the information. For instance, the ideal satellite geometry is achieved when satellites are widely located at angles that are relative to one another. Ideal Characteristics of Global Positioning Systems In order to obtain accurate information from Global Positioning Systems, specific factors should be put into consideration during the acquisition of GPS tools. First, the GPS tool should be durable to ensure that it is capable of withstanding rigors work and continued usage. Second, the ability of the GPS tool to obtain and maintain the most reliable signal strength despite the existence of obstructions such as the location, changing weather conditions, and the sensitivity of the receiver (Tsui, 2005). Third, GPS components consume a lot of power and therefore, battery life is a critical factor to consider during the acquisition of GPS equipment. Other noteworthy features include the portability ranges, cellular signal reliability, the length of acquiring GPS signals from satellites, configuration complexities, and ease of use among others. GPS Competitors The closest competitor of GPS technology is the Wide Are Augmentation System (WAAS) that consists of satellites and ground stations capable of providing accurate positioning. The WAAS technology was developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). A good example of WAAS is the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS). The WAAS program was specifically developed to assist pilots is determining direct en route paths, identifying precision approach services to runways, and to ensure maximum capacity and safety improvements in all weather conditions (Tsui, 2005). WAAS users are required to have WAAS-capable receivers to enable them obtain signals in areas covered by WAAS satellites. Results and Conclusions The analysis and discussion of Global Positioning System concepts has revealed that GPS technology is a force in the force. Perhaps the system designers had different intentions when developing and designing GPS technologies but these applications have added to the versatility of usage of GPS not only as a system for estimating the precise positioning of objects but also in the provision of accurate and reliable navigation information. Irrespective of time, location, and whether, Global Position System provides unparalleled range of services to commercial military and consumer applications. Majority of these services enables airborne, land, and sea users to know their exact velocity, location, and time whenever and wherever on Earth. Indeed, the GPS technology supports numerous positioning and navigation applications that satisfy a multitude of user needs. At this moment, the widespread usage of GPS applications in different sectors of the economy makes it exceedingly difficult to th ink of a life without Global Positioning Systems. It is evident that creating a complex system such as the GPS technology is not an easy task and this can be proven from the few competitors of GPS technology. GPS technologies and systems are used in different sectors of society. This includes road and rail transportation, marine navigation, agriculture, the airline industry, space science, recreation, military, and in the provision of public safety among others. Information and signals relayed by GPS systems are safe and reliable thereby making GPS technology the ideal navigation and positioning equipment. The evaluation and analysis of the structure, operation, and application of GPS systems have shown that maintaining the GPS technology is a complex activity given the nature of the GPS technologies. Notwithstanding these complexities, GPS services are maintained and offered free of charge thereby making it available for an unlimited number of users and applications. Global Positioning Systems have a potential future judging from the current technological advancements. Virtually, every communication and navigation device is manufactured or fitted with a GPS receiver. From basic consumer electronic products such as mobile phones to complex navigation and military tools such as ships, aircrafts, and weapons, are both built with GPS technologies (Tsui, 2005). Importantly, the Global Positioning System is also advancing at an increasing rate and therefore, more is still to be expected with regard to the future of GPS tools and applications. Despite the above advantages, a number of challenges that still impede the transmission of signals still exist within the limits of GPS technologies. Majority of these challenges includes errors such as inaccuracies associated with the reported location of satellites (orbital errors), receiver clock errors, signal multipath, and number of visible satellites, which can affect position reading or impede signal reception. These errors have an effect of affecting the signal strength and in turn, leading to inaccurate positioning and navigation information. Nonetheless, these challenges can be avoided by ensuring that GPS receivers and equipment are evaluated to test their reliability. Factors that must be considered during the evaluation of GPS systems include durability, the capability to obtain and maintain the most reliable signal strength, and power consumption (Tsui, 2005). As such, a number of procedures can be followed in evaluating GPS tools and equipment. These includes conducti ng an evaluation and testing exercise to ascertain the ideal characteristics, identifying the credibility of vendors, examining the legal considerations, and lastly, identifying ways of overcoming the challenges. Overall, there is potential in GPS technology provided corrective measures be taken and as well, there is the need to conduct immense research and innovation in GPS technology to ensure its sustainability. References Andrews, A., P., Weill, L. R., and Grewal, S. G. (2007). Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration. John Wiley Sons El-Rabbany, A. (2002). Introduction to GPS: the Global Positioning System. Artech House Kaplan, E. D. ed. (1996). Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications. Boston: Artech House Publishers. Parkinson, B. W., and Spilker. J. J. eds. (1996). Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice. Volumes I and II. Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. Seeber, G. (2003). Satellite Geodesy (2nd Edition). Walter de Gruyter Inc. Tsui, B. J. (2005). Fundamentals of Global Positioning System receivers: A software Approach. John Wiley and Sons

Why do teenagers indulge in alcoholism and smoking

1 October 2013 Why do teenagers indulge in alcoholism and smoking? In today’s society many teenagers are introduced to new ideas every day. Teenage years often include adjusting to new people, and experimenting and trying out many unfamiliar ideas. As a teenager some maybe naà ¯ve and not fully think of consequences, and or long term effects of indulging in these type of activities. The cause for teenagers indulging in alcoholism and smoking can be many reasons. For some teens, peer pressure, curiosity, and also stress can all play major roles in why one might choose to indulge in alcoholism and smoking. Alcoholism is an addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor or the mental illness and compulsive behavior resulting from†¦show more content†¦They may turn to these two activities because of the feeling it gives them. When one is stressed out they may feel like they just want a place of comfort, or a peaceful place in their mind that makes them feel good. For some to feel thi s way they turn to activities such as drinking, and smoking. Every year more than 300,000 kids under the age of 18 start smoking. Also, some researchers from â€Å"BBC News† stated that alcohol and smoking combined, greatly reduce the sperm count of a young male. The more they smoke and drink the lower count, combined with marijuana there is a very small chance of getting a girl pregnant. Researchers from â€Å"BBC News† also stated that only 17% of kids under 18 years old indulge in tobacco products. Young people consuming all kinds of substances is drastically growing each and every year. For some teens peer pressure, curiosity, and also stress can all play major roles in why one might choose to indulge in alcoholism and smoking. Many teens are involved in activities such as alcoholism and smoking in their everyday lives. Not realizing the effects these two can have on teenagers is a problem that many do not think about. 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It is obvious that adolescents together with teenagers happen to be affected more with conformity issues. One of the main common activities that adolescents tend to conform to happens to be substance abuse. Alcohol is one of the common used intoxicants by adolescents in the world. The rates of alcoholRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Our Life3393 Words   |  14 Pages16 -21 years old, we must first understand the underlying factors that contribute to why teenagers and young adults decide to take drugs to begin with. Firstly, what does the word â€Å"Drug† actually mean? According to the World Health Organisation, a drug is a natural or synthetic substance which affects the functioning or structure of the physiological processes in the human body. These drugs also include smoking and the consumption of alcohol. These drugs can lead to â€Å"drug abuse† over a period of Read MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pageswithdrawal symptoms are produced. This withdrawal syndrome is experienced as sickness, stomach upset and muscular pain. Hallucinations and convulsions may also occur. EXPLAIN WHY ALCOHOL IS A DRUG Alcohol is a drug because it affects the body tissues and as a result influences behaviour. BRIEFLY OUTLINE THREE REASONS WHY PEOPLE BECOME DEPENDENT ON DRUGS People become dependent on drugs because of curiosity, believing drugs will improve mental processes. Fashionable. Thinking they are not addictiveRead MoreIncreasing Crimes7023 Words   |  29 Pageslevel, and due to the extremely harsh penalties that may be imposed for these offenses, it is important to work with a lawyer who can handle cases in federal court. ROOT CAUSES FOR INCREASING CRIME RATES: To a certain extent poverty and unemployment do have their contributions to the increasing crime rates. However, it is not easy to explain away most of the crimes purely based on such simplistic reasoning. 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Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management Free Essays

International Project management is very essential to control resource usage to ensure quality productions. International projects involve many people with different cultures and backgrounds. It is therefore necessary to have management system that harmonizes the cultural, social, political and economic differences amongst them. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project manager should be tactical and wise in decision making to ensure every project member is well catered for and maximum utilization of the resources is achieved to meet project objectives (Kwak, 2002). Development of an international project management plan in workplace International project development environments are affected with many factors originating from within and outside the development environments by nature. International project development plan may be affected by cultural, social, political and economic factors and so the management plan should consider all these factors (Kwak, 2002). The international project management plan should consider all possible physical factors in the countries involved for mitigation. In addition, the laws and regulations governing different countries should be considered to ensure political stability. With the political factors solved, there will be improved returns on investments due to reduction in risks resulting from uncertainties in the international project development environment. In any business, there has to be legal requirements to be met. An international project development management system has to meet all the legal requires in terms of government policies and regulations. These factors may affect prices, exchange rates in the markets, taxations and even financial management systems. This may lead to some people losing their jobs and others incurring losses in the business. As a business right, political factors should be well managed to ensure market stability for the market users (Kwak, 2002). Cultural factors such as style or values should be considered when developing an international project development management system. Since some countries are not aware of the some cultural resources in other countries, assistance should be provided to facilitate the international projects development process. Cultural value should be put into consideration when designing the management system. When planning for an international project management system, technological factors should be put in to consideration. This is because technological designs and level of use vary from country to country (Kwak, 2002). This may lead to varied participation levels in a project and so a project manager should consider the variation to successfully manage a project. Employing project management techniques to skillfully and ethically lead complex international projects in organizations Project management is a technique through which projects can be evaluated to encourage soft skills application in contrast with the hard skills to achieve the project goals. Soft skills are mostly based on the technical resources required to carryout a project such as stakeholders’ contributions, collaboration or teamwork, organizational behaviors and management strategies (Marques, 2005). According to Harold (2005), for a successful project management in an organization, skillful and ethical techniques for a success in a complex or large organization are as follows. First, there has to be process integrations in the organizations. Integration of processes involves forming teamwork or collaborations in a project to ensure every member’s requirements are catered for in the product design. In addition, teamwork ensures success because of improved participation amongst members. Second, incorporation of cultural values at the design stages of a management system. Incorporation of the cultural values in multicultural organization will ensure equitable presentation of all members rights and therefore not to lower their dignity or abuse their rights (Harold, 2005). Third, information and support managements, which includes monitoring and assessing the communication systems to capture everyone’s views in terms of comments or suggestions. Forth, trainings should be provided to all members of an organization particularly in technology use to enable them to embrace technology use. In many occasions, management well trained employees in an organization are highly empowered and they participate fully in all areas within the organization to improve productivity. Fifth, behavioral excellence that involves instilling ethical values to the employees. Employees have to know their rights and how to protect them in the organization. Management system should provide fro a way in which petitions in the working environment can be solved fairly to create unity and harmony amongst workers (Harold, 2005). Diversity cross-cultural perspectives, Team building skills, Decision making in the workplace In a multicultural environment, there has to be change management, which enables new members in the organization to be induced well and successful fit in the new working environment. Decision-making based production methods should be put in to considerations to avoid resource wastages and satisfy all internal requirements in an organization. Lean manufacturing should be adopted to only produce when needed to minimize resource consumption in the organization (Joomla, 2009). In addition to lean manufacturing, project management should be carried out in all projects in an organization. This is to ensure quality performances to continuously improve in productions. Project management will also ensure cost effective use of resources particularly in a large and complex organization. In diverse and multicultural organizations, conflicts are likely to happen due to the cultural and environmental differences. Conflict management system should be availed to provide fair judgments to the organizational members. Teamwork or collaboration should be encouraged to facilitate decision-making and enhance innovativeness (Joomla, 2009). Enhanced decision making and innovativeness will lead to quality production through making good plans for investments. Innovation may also lead to improvements in the supply chain levels. A well-managed supply chain model can be improved through innovation or technology use to eliminate non-value adding processes to production processes. Conclusion Project management is very fundamental in all projects whether in large or small organizations. International project management is just as necessary as the local ones (Marques, 2005). In multicultural organizations, the employees have to be trained on various social, cultural, political and economic factors to ensure uniformity during a joint project. Project managers are required to consider the cultural factors when designing a management structure for all the members to be accommodated and be free to fully participate in the organizational tasks. Reference: Harold, K. (2005). Advanced Project Management best Practices on Implementation, 2nd ed, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey Joomla. (2009). Certification, Innovation, Decision Making, Project Management, Team Building, Conflict Management: Certification Programs for Educational and Business Organizations Standards or Courses Custom Designed for your Organization. Joomla. Viewed on 13th June 2009, Available at http://endeavourprojects.com/Joomla Kwak, Y. H. (2002). Critical Success Factors in International Development Project Management. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://home.gwu.edu/~kwak/Kwak_CIB65_2002.pdf Marques, G. M. (2005). Discussion of the distinguishing features of Project Management in the 21st Century. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://www.caaei.org/anexos/65.doc How to cite Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management, Essays Discussion/ Technology and Operations management Free Essays Customization is here to stay and has become part of us. An achievement begins with strategies that know what to modify instead of only dealing with difficulties in management. The Working together of both the operations and marketing departments improves results (Orlando, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion/ Technology and Operations management or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Booz Company (2008) lack of coordination by the marketing department and project management in doing some particular activities sets prices too high. This in turn affects the performance of customization strategies. Relationship between project management and marketing management The o relationship between project management and marketing management is the objectives need to be the same. Marketing’s main objective is to meet the demand and supply of consumers without thinking of prices. The project manager is supposed to find a way to minimize these costs. (Booz Company, 2008). They need to come to some level of agreement in terms of setting objectives so that they set specific objectives that reduces costs and keeps consumers satisfied. The other relationship between marketers and operations is cutting costs and satisfying consumers’ needs. There seems to be a conflict between project management and marketing department. Instead of cooperating with each other, they are at loggerheads. Marketing wants many varieties to choose from while operations want to make those changes at low costs. The other relationship between the two departments is that they are reimbursed differently. Marketing revolves around unit sales while project management main concern is about reducing manufacturing cost. Project managers and marketers do not have the same interests. This factor can strain there relationship between them. Project managers are technicians and doers. While marketers do not deal with specific issues (Booz Company, 2008). Other relationship that they share between them is reduction of costs. When project managers, cut down costs and do not consult marketers’ then that becomes a problem. Relevance of project management in the work force Project management and marketing management are important to each other and there is need for harmonization for the two when working together. One department cannot do without the other, they are essential to each other (Booz company,2008). The operations person assumes that, the sales people do not appreciate the cost factors while the sales people assume that the operations people do not appreciate that consumers are everything (Booz company, 2008). There is need for a truce because in the event that they do not consult with each other it can bring to much variety of goods or cause costs to escalate (Booz company, 2008). Another importance is the involvement of top leadership in encouraging dialogue between the two departments. In addition, there needs to be a meeting where both, project management and marketing department discuss about strategies to create teams that are cross -functional. The relevance of finding a common ground to discuss these issues is of great importance as it attributes to actions that solely base on costing analysis (Booz Company, 2008). What is apparent is what choices are made and when to make them. The importance is to know the main objective of your organization’s purpose, as this will boost productions as well as marketing productivity. Appreciating both the real price and worth of the goods is important (Booze Company, 2008). Organizations should centre there attention on customer understanding and set customizable elements into specific packages as an alternative of giving thousands of variations (Booze Company, 2008). Incorporating strategic partners is essential in investigating costs productions (Orlando, 2007). Conclusion It is therefore apparent that project management helps in reducing cost productions, in the case of Egol, Booz company, (2008) remembers a situation where he modified nearly all the machinery in trying to please the consumers wants because they had specific requirements. If consumers are overwhelmed with goods to buy, they get so confused until they do not but at all. If here was an operational management they would have stopped the over indulgence. Reference Booz Company. (2008).The challenge of customization: Bringing Operations and Marketing together the global commercial consulting firm. Retrieved on 22nd July 2009. Available at http://www.strategy-business.com/press/sbkw2/sbkwarticle/sbkw040616?tid=230pg= Orlando, F. S. (2007). Centered collaboration2007, Retrieved on 22nd   July 2009. Available at http://www.gmaonline.org/events/2007/isld/presentations/overcomingc.pdf. How to cite Discussion/ Technology and Operations management, Essays

The Knight without Blemish and Without Reproach The Color of Virtue

If there is something that the English Middle Age literature is definitely famous for, these are the numerous legends about knights, beautiful damsels and King Arthur; and, one must give these legends some credit for keeping its audience well in their seats for several centuries long.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Knight without Blemish and Without Reproach: The Color of Virtue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it seems rather unfair that the legend of such a peculiar historical character as Sir Gawain has been in the shadow of more popular ones like Sir Galahad or King Arthur; just as compelling and, for that matter, more complex story of the knight who in one kind of sources is portrayed as the saving grace, and in another as a lady-killer is definitely worth taking a closer look at, which the story about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight will help in. The work belongs to the genre of poetry. Althou gh there is no actual rhyme in the given piece, the way it is structured clearly shows that this is a poem; for instance, the line â€Å"At the head sat Bishop Baldwin as Arthur’s guest of honor† (Armitage 27) breaks, and the sentence continues on the next line; the given manner of writing is typical for poetry with obvious elements of a narrative and dramatic style. Indeed, too short to be epic, it still has the tension of drama (the line â€Å"exchanging views† (27), for instance, bears a lot of hidden innuendoes) and the pace of a third-person narration. Like any other poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight has its evident prosodic elements; however, they are quite different from what is defined as poetry today. For instance, as it has been already mentioned, there is no rhyme (â€Å"himself –views – Guinevre† (Armitage 27)), nor is there any specific meter: â€Å"And still he stands there just being himself† (Armitage 27) does not fit into any of the existing meters. However, written in the era of the â€Å"Alliterative Revival†, it does have a lot of alliterations in every line. Indeed, taking any line, one can see the repetitive pattern: in â€Å"and at Arthur’s other side sits Agrawain the Hard Hand†, there are three clear-cut instances of alliteration.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First of all, the sound â€Å"a† is stressed: â€Å"and at Arthur’s†, â€Å"Agrawain† (Armitage 27); then, â€Å"s† is emphasized: â€Å"side sits†; finally, the harsh â€Å"h† sound echoes in the end of the line: â€Å"Hard Hand†. Another instance of alliteration, â€Å"Bishop Baldwin† makes it clear that this stylistic device was intended (Armitage 27). The poem also has several peculiar symbols to consider. In the given excerpt, Sir Gawain is the symbol himself – the symbol of the whole idea of knighthood, with its codes of honor, luxurious feasts and specific hierarchy. Mentioning the way the guests are seated, the author stresses the latter, showing the specific relationships between the characters. For instance, the fact that Guinevere sits next to Gawain: â€Å"Good Sir Gawain is seated by Guinevere† (37) points at the fact that there might be tension between these characters and that they are closely related to each other. However, mentioning all these characters, the real author of the story stays in the shadow, which makes the narration a true legend, the ancient myth, the veracity of which cannot be checked, and that adds certain charm to the poem. Although the author mentions the names of actual people who did exist, according to the historical record, it is rather hard to pin the actual year when the events took place. Known as the XIV-century tale, this piece is practically timeless. Ne vertheless, the elements of the given poem can relate to a number of other literature works of the given time period, mostly owing to the legendary names mentioned in the excerpt, such as King Arthur, Guinevere, and the rest of the characters.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Knight without Blemish and Without Reproach: The Color of Virtue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the whole idea of knighthood which the extract is shot through relates well to most of the literature works of the given time slot. Indeed, the idea of describing the life of â€Å"the nobles† (Armitage 27) is quite common for the given epoch. Despite being a translation of the original Middle English poem, the given piece is still very impressive. It helps create the atmosphere of the famous Camelot and imagine the people who lived there in the most graphic way. Telling not only about the history of England, but also emp hasizing the significance of fraternity and togetherness which ruled in the XIV century Camelot, the given poem truly is a work of art. Therefore, it is clear that the story of Sir Gawain is typical for its time period and reflects the standard set of values, yet it manages to convey the traditional messages about purity in a specific way. It is quite peculiar that the poem is not preachy in sharing the moral values of the Middle Ages with the readers; in addition, there is little of the self-appraise element in the poem, which is also quite unusual for the time period of the Knights of the Round Table. With its story which is easy to track and the pace which is easy to follow, the poem makes a perfect specimen of the English Middle Age literature. Works Cited Armitage, Simon. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York City, NY: W. W. Norton Company, 2007. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Knight without Blemish and Without Reproach: The Color of Virtue was written and submitted by user Adam D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.