Gagne’s Eight Distinctive Types of Learning

To complete this assignment, you will need to fill in the following boxes:1. In the first box you will identify one of Gagne’s Eight Distinctive Types of Learning. 2. In the next box you will provide a description of the Learning Type you identified. 3. In the last box you will discuss how this Learning Type does or does not apply to you and your learning. 4. Repeat steps until all Eight of Gagne’s Distinctive Types of Learning are identified, described, and discussed. Each description and discussion should be substantive and requires a minimum of 3 sentences per response.Save this document and type directly onto the document and into the boxes. The boxes will expand to accommodate what you write. Submit as an attachment to the appropriate drop box.Gagne’s Eight Distinctive Types of Learning Description of the Learning TypeDiscuss how this does or does not apply to you and your learning Signal learning(p.79)An individual learns to make a general, diffuse response to a signal. This is the classic conditioned response of Pavlov. Thus meaning an emotional response. (p.79) Signal learning does apply to me because I do more times than none respond in an emotional state. I respond in a way of how I am feeling at any given time. If I am upset, I would answer in a aggressive way.Stimulus-response learning (p.79)The learner acquires a precise response to a discriminated stimulus. What is learned is a connection Thorndike) or a discriminated operant (skinner), sometimes called an instrumental response (Kimble). This meaning, learning is voluntary controlled, it’s a desire. (p.79) Stimulus-response learning applies to me because I am always willing to learn. Life is all about learning new things and that’s why I am back in school because I need better in my life and the only way to get better is make choices to learn more. I  make the choices to learn.Chaining (p.79)What is acquired is a chain of two or more stimulus-response connectio ns. The conditions for such learning have been described by Skinner and others. It’s a linked sequence. (p.79) Chaining applies to my learning because you must get all the necessary information to help with the things you have learned in my life. Learning is like steps and some are linked together and others may not be. I learn the way that is best for me.Verbal association (p.79)Is the learning of chains that are verbal; Basically, the conditions resemble those for other (motor) chains. However, the presence of language in the human being makes this a special type because internal links may be selected from the individual’s previously learned repertoire of language. (p.79) Verbal association does not really pertain to me because I am more a hands on person. I like to see what I am learning instead of hearing it. I feel I learn better if I have an illustration to reference back to. Multiple discrimination (p.79)The individual learns to make different identifying respon ses to as many different stimuli, which may resemble each other in physical appearance to a greater or lesser degree. Responses to a series of similar stimuli that differ in a systematic way. (p.79) Multiple discrimination does not really apply to me because, if I’m understanding it right it would distract me with learning multiple things at the same time. I like to learn one thing then move on to the next so I don’t forget what I learned. Concept learning (p.79)The learner acquires a capability to make a common response to a class of stimuli that may differ from each other widely in physical appearance. He or she is able to make a response that identifies an entire class of objects or events. It forms the basic of the ability to generalize, classify. (p.79) Concept learning does apply to me, I am always wanting more out of learning. I feel developing and having the knowledge of many things is a great benefit  to have throughout life. Learning new skills is important . Principle learning (p.79)In simplest terms, a principle is a chain of two or more concepts. It functions to control behavior in the manner suggested by a verbalized rule of the form. â€Å"If A, then B,† which, of course, may also be learned as type 4. (p.79) Principle learning does apply to me because In my current job I just became supervisor of my shift. Principle learning allows me to know the rules are different, yet it still allows me to adapt to the all the rules and perform my job. Problem solving (p.79)Problem solving is a kind of learning that requires the internal events usually called thinking. Two or more previously acquired principles are somehow combined to produce a new capability that can be shown to depend on a â€Å"higher-order† principle. (p.79) Problem solving defiantly applies to me. I am a brain stormer and I like to have a set idea of what each situation will bring. I like to make sure each situation is resolved and taken care of in a timely manner. As a supervisor, problem solving is on my job description.

Short Selling

Short selling Short selling is a practice of selling a borrowed security that the seller does not necessarily own. Short sellers are generally betting that the price of security will go down, and  assume that they will be able to lock-in a certain profit by buying the security at a lower price than the price at which they originally sold short. Example of short selling Short seller borrows the security for a given fee and sells it short on the market for Rs 40000.If tomorrow the price of security drops to Rs 38000, short seller could buy it back in order to return the security and lock a profit of 2000 (the price difference between 40000 and 38000), less the borrowing fee. Islamic Point of View Short selling is prohibited (Haram) from the Shariah perspective. Shariah scholars found several reasons behind which, short selling is considered haram, and the reasons are as follows:- 1- selling something you doesn’t own:-In Islamic transactions; to sell something you must first ha ve the ownership of what is being sold or the subject of the sale.Therefore in order to sell a security, the security must be owned by the seller and not borrowed – which is the case in short selling. 2- Riba:-Short selling is associated with the conventional borrowing and lending system of securities which includes a series of interest-based charges for services, and interested payments on borrowed securities. And as we all know, charging interest on services and borrowed securities is considered as Riba. 3- Speculation: – Since short sellers are watching out for fluctuations in the markets, to sell the share at a higher price and buy it back at a lower price and pocket the difference.Speculation has been perceived negatively due to its resemblance with gambling. 4- Gharar/ Ghobun :- there is uncertainty in the contract and the buyer is also deceived. 5- unjust deeds Hamish Jiddiya Token money, down payment  by a party  intending to purchase certain goods who wish es to confirm the intention to do so by paying an amount to the seller as token money or down payment to secure the goods. Hamish Jiddiya is a collateral given for a promise to purchase.If the buyer is not proceeding to purchase, the seller can demand compensation for the actual damage, if the collateral is higher, the buyer receives an amount back, if the actual damage is higher, the the seller can demand additional compensation above the collateral. Arba’un The term Arba’un means an amount of money that the customer as purchase orderer pays to the Bank after concluding the Murabahah sale, with the provision that if the sale is completed during a prescribed period, the amount will be counted as part of the price.If the customer fails to execute the Murabahah sale, then the Bank may retain the whole amount. Waqf A Wakf is an unconditional and permanent dedication of property with implied detention in the ownership of God in such a manner, that the property of the owner may be extinguished and its profits may revert to or be applied for the benefit of mankind except for purposes prohibited by Islam. Examples of Waqf Land & Buildings: one or more persons provide Cash as waqf to purchase land and buildings, e. g. a small shopping complex.Once the complex is purchased, the property may be classified as a waqf property and waqf rules apply. The property may not be sold (except to replace), be gifted, or inherited. The property remains intact and may not be spent. The rental income that is produced by the complex may be used for any shari'ah compliant purpose. Valid contract The remedy of specific performance presupposes the existence of a valid contract between the parties to the controversy. The terms of the contract must be definite and certain.This is significant because equity cannot be expected to enforce either an invalid contract or one that is so vague in its terms that equity cannot determine exactly what it must order each party to perform. It would be unjust for a court to compel the performance of a contract according to ambiguous terms interpreted by the court, since the court might erroneously order what the parties never intended or contemplated. Example A homeowner (who is over the age of 18 and of sound mind) signed a contract with the appliance store to buy a refrigerator.The homeowner pays for the refrigerator and the appliance store presents the refrigerator for the homeowner to take home. Void contract A void contract is not a contract and has no effect in a court of law and cannot be enforced in a court of law. Most commonly, a void contract will be missing one or all of the essential elements needed for a valid contract. Neither party needs to take action to terminate it, since it was never a contract to begin with. Example A contract that was between an illegal drug dealer and an illegal drug supplier to purchase a specified amount of drugs for a specified amount.Either one of the parties could void the c ontract since there is no lawful objective and hence missing one of the elements of a valid contract. Voidable Contracts A voidable contract is a contract, which may appear to be valid, and has all of the necessary elements to be enforceable, but has some type of flaw, which could cause one or both of the parties to void the contract. The contract is legally binding, but could become void. If there is an injured party involved, the injured party or the defrauded must take action, otherwise the contract is considered valid. ExampleA contract entered into with a minor could be voidable. Bai Tawliyah Bai Tawliyah Is a sale and buy-back agreement, is a type of Islamic finance that is a banking activity that is congruent with Shariah, which are the principles of Islamic law. Bai Tawliyah is a part of Islamic finance, such as a Muslim mortgage, where there is transaction of buying and selling between the customer and the financial institution. The financial institution, or the financier, will purchase an asset from a customer and the price that they pay for the asset will be disbursed by the terms that the financial institution lays out.Because of this the asset that is purchased is one that the payments are deferred and the price paid will be done so in installments. The second sale in this type of Islamic finance is done so in order to make the customer obliged to the financial institution. Commutative contracts Commutative contracts are those in which what is done, given, or promised by one party is considered same as the other or in consideration of what is done, given or promised by the other. A contract of sale is an example of a commutative contract.Put in a simple form, commutative contracts are contracts where the contracting parties give and receive something similar or an equivalent. An Example is a sale at less than two thirds of the value. Non-Commutative contract A non-compensatory contract in which a property is donated by one party to another against no consideration. The donor transfers ownership of the property to the done free of any commitment or obligation. Refrences http://www. ukessays. com/essays/economics/short-selling. php http://jazaa. rg/knowledge-center/islamic-finance-terminology/h/hamish-jiddiyah/ http://www. almustafatrust. org/content/Donate/Islamic/types/waqf. htm http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Valid+Contract http://www. trainagents. com/DesktopModules/EngageCampus/CourseContent. aspx? ModuleType=StudentMyCourses;CrsPageType=Topic;CourseRecordID=107;LessonRecordID=1372;TopicRecordID=24861;Demo=True http://definitions. uslegal. com/c/commutative-contracts/ http://majdbakir. com/islamic-finance/n/noncommutative-contract. html

Linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Linguistics - Essay Example Linguistic and Literary Issues 2: The discourse inference process in literary texts, such as Dickinson's "Abraham to Kill Him," brings about an "interaction between the semantic meanings of the linguistic items of the text and the pragmatic meanings these items take on in a context of use." (Verdonk, 22) Linguistic and Literary Issues 3: Unlike in the non-literary texts, the relationship between meaning and context in literary text "is self-enclosed" and the text itself contains the connection between meaning and context Dickinson's "Abraham to Kill Him." Linguistic and Literary Issues 4: The ultimate meaning of the poem "Abraham to Kill Him" is revealed in an analysis of the relation between meaning and context of the poem and in the context of Dickinson's rebelliousness, the lyric achieves a distinct meaning to the traditional biblical interpretations where "she finds traces of a Father God she would unmask." (McIntosh, 82) The significance of context to the meaning of a literary piece is immense or meaning is context-bound. Unlike in the non-literary texts, the context-meaning relationship in a literary text is self-enclosed and the meaning is revealed through an interpretation of the literary context of the text itself.

IKEA's Globalization Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

IKEA's Globalization Strategies - Essay Example IKEA emerged as the brainchild of Ingvar Kamprad who through his business acumen gradually made the company emerge as the global leader in furniture retailing. Moreover Ingvar started developing on some key strategies pertaining to designing the products, assembling the final merchandise and reaching out to the different showrooms located along various areas. Further the furniture retailer also works in the development of different catalogues which helps in enhancing the shopping experience of the consumers. However amidst these strategies the company further dreamt of marching to gain control of international markets. In this foray IKEA first focused on gaining control of several European markets. The European markets were attempted in the first case for the company being Swedish in nature happened to share the like cultural mix with the European nations. Thus the attempt to gain the views of the consumers gained success in the first attempt. However when the same expansion strategy was carried out in regards to the Asian markets the strategy countered a huge challenge. It was found that Asiatic countries like China and Japan shared several cultural differences which were needed to be addressed first to let gain an effective international base in these nations. In countries like China IKEA had to render great amount of transformation in its policies pertaining to human resources and marketing activities. These policy changes helped the company in gaining large market share in China. Similarly in country like Japan the company in order to gain a larger market share had to adapt to a new culture of changing the pricing structure of its products. The company had to reduce the... Countries like China and Japan are analyzed in the paper to provide a detailed understanding of the nature of challenges faced by the company and strategic actions taken thereby to counter such. Strategic tools are incorporated in the paper like Ansoff and BCG Matrix to reflect on the internationalization activities of the company. Moreover the marketing mix elements of the company relating to its production, pricing, distribution and promotional activities are also analyzed to understand its business potential in gaining larger markets. Similarly the two countries China and Japan are analyzed on the basis of factor analysis pertaining to political, economic, social and cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors to understand its impacts on the activities of the business organization to gain potential markets. The paper in turn signifies the main problem areas which needed to be effectively tackled by the company in regards to seeking an effective market in the Asian co untries. IKEA is found to have largely adapted to the changing cultural needs of the Asian countries through rendering changes in the business policies pertaining to production, packaging and pricing actions. Such initiatives were taken by the company to help render quality goods to the consumers at affordable prices. This practice helped the company penetrate larger market areas. Local warehouses were also designed to help in reduction of logistics and transportation cost which again helped in protecting the natural environment. All such practices helped IKEA gain a formidable position in the Asian markets.

Book Report from List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Report from List - Essay Example that began with the New Hampshire Primary on the 1st of June to the eve of the elections in November 1972, Crouse assembled his observations into a series of articles that became the basis for the book. The book became an instant best-seller. Surprisingly, it was the only book that Crouse wrote. Soon after, he dabbled in freelance writing, spending some time as Esquire’s Washington correspondent, before going into his real love: writing for the theater. The son of well-known Broadway producer Russell Crouse, whose credits include â€Å"Sound of Music†, â€Å"Life with Father†, and â€Å"Call Me Madam†, and the brother of respected actress Lindsay Crouse, Timothy left journalism in the 1980s and ventured into playwriting. The captivating narrative of the book highlights Crouse’s storytelling talent. Combining real-life drama with humor, he painted an amusing portrait of the main characters – the journalists, media supporters, and the candidates – on the campaign bus. The bus was a mere metaphor for the closed, cozy, and clubby group of journalists on the campaign trail, but it projects a precise picture of the riotous, fun, and chaotic feel of a school bus packed with a bunch of immature, eccentric, and hyperactive kids. Crouse’s book sheds a theatrical light on the dramatic aspects of U.S. history in the making. By using as backdrops for his story-telling Nixon’s desperate re-election drive until his political blunder at Watergate, and McGovern’s futile campaign to put up a worthy challenge, Crouse chronicles the minds and characters of the people who tell the stories to America and the whole world. At the same time, he also presents an image of America at a crossroads, caught in the maelstrom of civil unrest at home, a bloody war in Vietnam, and a cold war with Communist Russia. The journalists that covered the elections moved around like wolves, giving rise to the term pack journalism that marks much of the craft’s contemporary practice,

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Paraphrase - Essay Example Needless to say, there is a favourable connection between job feat and high levels of acumen. Self-awareness is the most important components of all. Individuals with an internal locus of control can be managed and motivated easily. Managers can employ the use of apprehension of selective perceptual and organizational perceptual to gain insights on why different people perceive things differently. These principles can be enforced in communication and responses to attract attention. Managers can employ catchy stimuli to â€Å"cut through the noise† of the environment. This assists in improving communication between the managers and the employees. The learning techniques of an accommodator are fundamental in improving management decision making. Needless to say b, an accommodator is proficient at enforcing decisions, plans and innovation. Such a learning style is appropriate for a practicing manager like me. In essence, this depends on the condition or the surrounding where a manger is to carry out the learning style. In this case, Daphne portrays high level of extraversion. This si portrayed by rapid open relations with her daughter. She shows moderate levels of meticulousness, openness to experience and kindness. Kindness is portrayed by her good-natured character while her meticulousness is shown by her yearning to help Millie. In addition, her openness to experience is depicted by her need to talk to Jason. In essence, low emotional steadiness in Daphne’s dealings with Millie typifies her behavior. Perceptual selectivity refers to the process by which an individual tests and chooses numerous stimuli which content for their attending. Individuals emphasize on stimuli that fulfills their desires and which are coherent to their values, personality and attitudes. Stimuli attributes affects perceptual selectivity. A catchy stimulus attracts the attention of most people. In addition, people recognize both familiar

Comparative criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative criminal justice - Assignment Example ddition, the students have to study the legal knowledge foundations, which form the Academic Stage of the Legal Education and compulsory for the purposes of professional exemptions, especially where the students seek to proceed to the Vocational Stage of the Legal Education and Training. This is the final stage of qualification at the Bar. At this stage, under the supervision of an experienced barrister, the pupil obtains practical training. Pupilage stage is divided into two divisions: the practicing six months, also referred to as the first six and the non-practicing six months, also referred to as the second six. The structure includes two parts which are the practicing six months, also referred to as the first six and the non-practicing six months, also referred to as the second six. A person intending to practice as a barrister must train as a pupil for a defined period of not less than twelve months. In order to obtain the pupilage stage, a pupil must attend a course in an Advocacy Training and a course in Practice Management. These requirements must be met because a completion certificate is only awarded upon their completion. The students are also needed to pursue a course in Forensic Accountancy during this stage or within the first three years of their practice. The purpose of this training is to provide in-depth information on multiple matters that are regarded essential to the beginners in practice. This will help the beginners to bridge well between practice and pupilage. Therefore the topics to be covered

John F Kennedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

John F Kennedy - Essay Example ved to have shown evolution of his liberal ideas by adopting a collegial decision-making model which sought resolution of conflicts through consensus and thorough cross-fertilization to filter out a more refined and trustworthy output of argument, serving the best interest of the majority in the process. Moreover, his own essence of liberalism was made evident with the innovative approach on expressing his passion for revolutionary progress and reform. As such, he preferred to take bureaucratic issues out of the traditional system and gave them appropriate treatment according to his personal decision-making style which appeared to take effect with greater degree of flexibility and number of feasible options. JFK’s temperament may be claimed to have deeply affected critical perception when a portion of his acceptance speech on ‘A Liberal Definition’ was caught in devotion to include his proposing â€Å"for liberalism is not much a party creed or set of fixed platform promises as it is an attitude of mind and heart, a faith in man’s ability through the experiences of his reason and judgment to increase for himself and his fellow men the amount of justice and freedom and brotherhood which all human life deserves (JFK – A Liberal).† In particular, this area could be felt to involve his genuine disposition on the significances of dignity, liberty, heart, and mind which the president believed to be the chief sources of collective national strength from which to execute current plan of action and build refreshing hopes of the future for the liberal

Series of Psychological Stories Essay Example for Free

Series of Psychological Stories Essay Case I. My Husband is a Mama’s Boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Simon had been extremely dependent to his mother in everything that he does. He would always expect her mother to be the one who would remind him of his daily routine in the office. He would expect that his mother would prepare his briefs and socks. â€Å"Don’t be jealous to my mom Fe, its just that, I got used of having mom as the one preparing everything for me†, this is what he always reasoned to his wife. Simon, did not know how to budget his money, so instead of giving his salary to his wife, he prefer to give it to her mother because he was used to having his mother as his â€Å"money keeper†. Whenever problems between them arise, Simon prefers to ask the thoughts of his mother instead of resolving the conflict between them. This has getting on and on until their two years of marriage. At the moment, Fe has been planning to divorce with her husband for the reason that she seems to be the second wife and the mother the first wife. Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I could say that Simon had a dependent personality disorder. This unusual dependence of a married man like him, to the mother, can be traced to the way Simon was raised. For a number of persons that I had encountered with similar problems, most of them were raised in an environment with over protectiveness. In an overly protective environment, the person’s self-confidence is low and thus, (s)he is made to think that (s)he is weak, vulnerable and can’t live strongly without his/her support groups. The root of the problem is the support group of Simon-his mother. To overcome his over dependency to his mother, the latter should help Simon make decisions of his own and to teach him the right ways to deal with problems alone and even without the help of others. The mother should make the following changes to Simon slowly but persistently. Simon must realized how decisions are needed everyday and how important it is for him to decide on his own. Case 2. Marion with the big â€Å"I† Stories   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marion has been my friend in high school. She had been a bubbly person; always seem conversational at a first meet. However, I had observed that she’s not conversational at all. When she talks, all her stories pertain to her; that she looks good in her new dress (even though her baby fats were bulging), that many boys were having a crush on her, that her teachers were all praising her. When you talk, she seems to care less, she did not really want to converse with you, rather, she wants you to listen to all the stories about herself stuffed with the â€Å"I† (I am the best speaker in our class, I had been to that place also, I am pretty, I have new dress, jewelries, etc.). Marion even during inappropriate time (like you are talking with somebody else) would butt in just to ask â€Å"do you noticed something is different with me today?† I had also remembered her of having loud voice; always talking of the latest movies that she had watched, talking how they share intimate moments with her boyfriend, etc. Discussion/ Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Marion I have difficulty distinguishing what personality disorder she has. Finally, I am settled in saying that she has a narcissistic personality disorder due to the various symptoms that I had found in her. I had already mentioned above that she care less about what people say during their conversation, what matter to her is her stories to be heard. She had always overly emphasized her achievements, even the material things that she managed to acquire. Marion is very concern of grabbing one’s attention in school; it seems that when everybody hears her stories, everyone would admire her (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/personality-disorders/DS00562/DSECTION=2). The best approach for this type of person is to tell her frankly that she’s a boring listener, that a conversation needs exchange of ideas. It would also help if she would be given comments in a constructive manner. The way she manipulates people is not good, she should be informed with this and be given alternatives to deal with her behavior positively, Case 3. Solitude is my Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The daughter of my cousin is a very sensitive person. She was already fifteen and yet, she is very shy and detached to other girls of her age. When her mother’s voice rises a bit when irritated, she can’t help but cry and feel that it’s all her fault why her mother was angry. She did not want to go out with other children because she felt, she was ugly and she would only become a mocking subject. She did not want to go near other children of her age because she’s afraid of being bullied. In class, her teacher reported that she’s always crying whenever she fails to remember a term during recitation. Whenever we have a family gathering, she would refuse to join the crowd and reasoned that she wants to sleep early. She’s not snob at people, she’s just extremely shy. Discussion/Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The daughter of my cousin is experiencing an avoidant personality disorder based on my observation. There is no concrete cause for her behavior except that her parents failed to pay attention to her. She has always been alone in their house more often. She was also not brought to parties more often, because most of the social gatherings that her parents attended were formal and not suite for children of her age. Her self confidence is very low due to the lack of affirmation from her significant others. This leads her to be very sensitive to criticism, because she has always wanted to boost her moral through her achievements yet she felt like the world conspire against her even at the very simple and constructive criticism. To avoid this, she had voluntarily isolated herself away from others to avoid rejection. The best way to deal with this problem is for the parents to spend a significant quality time with their daughter for them to explain to her the things that are new to her. The parents should teach their daughter the realities of life and the ways to deal it constructively. Maybe, the child should be taught to make friends to the neighbor first, then followed by an affirmative attitude towards her performance in school, etc. References Mayo Clinic. (2006). Mental Health. Personality Disorders. Retrieved December 3, 2007, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/personality-disorders/DS00562/DSECTION=2

Soft bass Essay Example for Free

Soft bass Essay It starts with a deep, soft bass. I was wondering if it was going to start really slow. I was very surprised when the lead violinist starts so strong. Her solo was very powerful. But at the same time very stressful to me. I imagined a scene where someone was dying and people were fighting. And this feeling was amplified even more when the rest of the orchestra joined in. After the third minute though, it started to get softer and slower. This time it sounded peaceful and serene. This goes on until the build up of the fifth minute. But it goes back to being soft. I got a little confused as to why it sounded like a rollercoaster going up and down. The best part of the first movement for me would be the last two minutes – when the wind instruments could be heard and not part of the background. Its playful tune balanced out the powerful violin solo. Overall, I think the first movement was very powerful and emotional. The second movement was very lovely. I felt very at home. Hearing the soft strings and grace notes brought back memories of good times with my family. Like a Christmas gathering with a warm fire inside and a beautiful landscape of snow outside. The echoing of the soloist and the other strings, I found very amusing. And if I am allowed, cute. The whole movement was just very lovely. The wind instruments gave it a lot more happiness with its staccatos – very much like bunnies hopping around in the spring. I think this movement would be absolutely beautiful to play at a wedding. The third movement starts with the soloist. Its feel was very much like the first movement with its powerful notes. I like how the orchestra comes out softly then builds up to a strong note. It reminded me a little of Lord of the Rings when the Wraiths were after the Hobbits. The third movement wasn’t stressful though unlike the first. It was very powerful but it was a happy aura. Like dogs having a tug of war with a blanket and rolling over each other. The last part becomes really soft and slow; just the solo violinist and the winds. I liked it very much.

The Man With The Movie Camera Analysis

The Man With The Movie Camera Analysis Dziga Vertovs 1929 film, The Man with the Movie Camera, documents life in a Russian city while also telling a story about filmmaking. The film is a dazzling mix of imagery and technique, inviting the viewer to see the city through the eyes of the cameraman, and to share his perception of the events and visions that he encounters through the filmmaking process. This review will examine the films narrative line and its underlying themes, its use of genre and generic traditions, the cinematic techniques employed and the effectiveness of its approach to the material. At the beginning of the film, The Man with the Movie Camera defines itself as something out of the ordinary. In the opening credits, the title cards refer to the film as an experiment in the cinematic communication of visible events, executed without the aid of intertitles, without the aid of a scenario, without the aid of a theater (Vertov). From the outset, the film distinguishes itself by aiming to explore the pure essence of film-to document and record human life and activity in the form of moving pictures. The Man with the Movie Camera is split into four sections, and is book-ended by imagery relating to film and filmmaking. It opens in a cinema and closes with the lens of a camera shutting its eye. From a narrative perspective, the film is different from the norm in that it has no typical protagonist or antagonist. If a main character had to be defined, he would be the cameraman, with his main supporting character being the editor. The city and its inhabitants as a unified entity also become a major character in the film, showing how they interact with each other in the daily routine of work, rest and leisure through the perspective of the filmmaker. The movie is predominantly concerned with depicting reality, rather than dramatized fiction or re-creations of historic events. The films story is constructed in an unconventional narrative style, but is brought together through the recurring theme of the camera and the filmmaker. The events in the film take place over the course of a day, and although Vertov experiments with geographical and temporal continuity, the audience is given enough information to piece together the plot. Upon first viewing, this plot may not be entirely clear, but as Roberts confirms, The Man with the Movie Camera does have a plot (1). Each section of the film covers the different parts of the day (work, rest and leisure), and through this, Vertov establishes images which provide the visual language which is brought into play throughout the length of the film. By layering this imagery through editing and montage, and combining them with the underlying story of the filmmaker and his camera, the overarching narrative is tied together. Roberts explains that all human life is here from birth to death via childhood, marriage, divorce, wo rk, rest and play (2). This avant-garde style of filmic storytelling became popular in the form of the city symphony genre. Dimendberg explains that the genre encompasses around twenty titles and relies heavily upon montage to represent a cross-section of life in the modern metropolis (109). In adhering to this genre, The Man with the Movie Camera does away with the traditional trappings of the documentary and becomes something different. There is no narration, no conventional narrative or plot elements, but rather a succession of rhythmic imagery detailing the inner workings of a city. Graf describes the genres structure as having a dawn to dusk strategy in the search for a pure film form (79). Vertov employed many cinematic techniques to achieve the incredible momentum of imagery found in the film. These techniques included split-screen, slow motion, freeze-frame, fast motion, and stop-motion animation. The stop-motion animation sequence where the camera seems to come alive and walk around on its tripod remains startling even today. When juxtaposed with the everyday motions of human life which the film presents, it becomes clear that the camera itself has a life of its own. It has its own perception of events separate from that of the filmmaker, and separate from that of the audience. The diversity of techniques used makes the film a showcase of the power of cinema and its ability to transform everyday life into something completely different, with its own rhythm and sense of unpredictability. The editing in The Man with the Movie Camera is one of the films strongest points. There is a segment which contrasts challenging footage of a birth with that of a funeral. As one life ends, another begins. Similarly, there is a scene of marriage, with joyous atmosphere and smiling faces. In contrast, Vertov inserts a somber scene of a couple signing their divorce papers. These binary oppositions are ubiquitous throughout the film, with juxtapositions between work and play, play and rest, man and machine, and many others. The musical score also brings much life and energy to the film. The repeated themes complement the visual language that Vertov established. According to Feldman, Vertov carefully planned the musical score and may well have intended the work to be made as the first Soviet sound film (qtd in Barsam 74). The synchronicity between sound effects and onscreen action creates an impressive and exciting mosaic of audio and imagery. While the film is certainly a product of its time, it holds up surprisingly well in modern day. Barsam states that the film was well-received in the domestic and international press (74). The inventive narrative construction and the multitude of cinematic techniques placed the film genuinely ahead of its time. Vertov was successful in his attempt at documenting Russian life in a city without many of the normal elements typically found in documentaries. He managed to show an impressive cross-section of Russian society, by following the daily lives of different classes of people. The Man with the Movie Camera remains a wonderful piece of experimental cinema, and offers a fascinating view of life as it was in the Soviet 1920s.

Dell Case Study :: Papers

Dell In its approach, DELL strongly focused on the needs of each particular customer with a special focus government institutions (witch accounted for more than 77%) and large companies. Also, DELL divided its customers into two groups: -Relationship buyers for witch it assigned outside and inside sales representatives. -Transaction buyers were reached via advertisement, catalogues and direct marketing. On the other hand, the rest of the industry focused only on building recognizable brands using advertising. -Operations In the past, Dell’s facilities were organized in assembly line fashion just like the rest of the competitors. However, DELL renewed its manufacturing process in its facilities (Austin). This new technique results in fewer defects and more efficiency. -Outbound logistics While competitors use four kinds of channels in their distribution process (retail stores, distributors, integrated resellers and direct distribution), Dell uses electronic links to direct some suppliers’ shipments straight to its customers. -After sale service in industry surveys, customers rated Dell’s services highly relative to the competition. This ranking was a result of Dell’s online customer support information and also because of the technical support staff representatives via a hotline that was manned 24 hours a day. The support specialists could resolve the problem over the phone in approximately 90% of cases. -Procurement Like all other competitors in the PC industry Dell outsourced its products and also encouraged all suppliers to locate warehouses and production facilities close to its assembly operations. -Firm infrastructure In its early age, Dell had started up with a few formal control systems. Nowadays, Dell hired a number of specialized managers from other major firms (Motorola, apple) focusing especially on operations and manufacturing. As a conclusion, all these activities are major facts that made Dell successful and highly ranked among competitors. Â · In its marketing and sales approach, Dell has the advantage of being close to its customers and in response to their needs. Â · In its operation activity, the new method gave Dell less defectuous products and more efficient ones. Â · In its logistic activity, the electronic links allowed Dell to direct suppliers’ shipment straight to its customers. Â · Because of its online support information and technical support via hotline, Dell built a confident relationship with its customers. Â · The aim of lowering costs pushes Dell to encourage suppliers to locate warehouses close to assembly operations. Â · Organization within Dell was of a great importance, especially after the loss faced in 1993. hiring qualified managers and senior manager helped Dell overcome its crisis. Why has dell been so successful?

Education vs Social Class Essay -- Higher Level Skills, Capitalistic E

Social class vs. Education America is considered the land of possibility to many, the land of the free. There is a plethora of businesses that function only through the collaboration of members that reside in every level of social class. As Anyon puts it, â€Å"†¦ social class describes relationships which we as adults have developed, may attempt to maintain, and in which we participate in every working day†(anyon 398). One’s social class contains and is built by many different interactions. Your social class begins to be constructed at birth and is developed through interactions in the community, work place, and before all else places of education. Indeed the skills and level of thinking learned through education is a deciding factor in how strongly you can participate in the economy there for determining a major factor in social class (Anyon 398 p. 10). This topic is discussed in articles written by (Kozol, Matzios, and Jean Anyon) who pose similar arguments to reinforce this observation b ut also have contrasting ideas on the subject. In all functioning capitalistic economies in the world there are distinct separations between the types of work done, or rather the skills used, to complete the job at hand. The lower level jobs like factory work generally function through having employees follow strict guidelines with attention to detail. While this is still a skill to be learned it requires little development of outside knowledge or the ability to analyze critically. Higher paying jobs come with the responsibility to be able to act for oneself and in the interest of what is beneficial by dealing with each situation in a calculated and often creative manner. These different skill sets are acquired through different methods of learnin... ...ion and for that reason it leaves few opportunities open to learners other than professions that The labels of cause and effect can be applied to both sides of the education vs. social class relationship; each effect on the other is seen in full circle. To conclude, what can be learned from each level school is most likely what caused the child to be in that level education in the first place. The environments of each teaching environment are re-created in the working environment seen at the corresponding level of job. Better education leads to more opportunities in the work force and allows for more money to be reinvested into that symbolic capitol for the next generation. Sadly until the flaws of the lower class education system are fixed it will continue to reiterate the fact that â€Å"The rich only get richer while the poor only get poorer† (Mantsios I think)

Cisco

Solution for ACL Question 100% Correct http://img220. imageshack. us/i/acllabc. jpg/ A corporation wants to add security to its network. The requirements are: y y y y Host C shoulb be able to use a web browser(HTTP)to access the Finance Web Server Other types of access from host C to the Finance Web Server should be blocked. All acces from hosts in the Core or local LAN to the Finance We b Server should be blocked All hosts in the Core and local LAN should be able to acces the Plublic Web Server. You have been tasked to create and apply a numberd acces list to a single outbound interface. o more three statements that meets these requirements . corp1(config)#access-list 100 permit tcp host (host address) host (finance web server address) eq 80 corp1(config)#access-list 100 deny ip any host (finance web server address) Corp1(config)# access-list 100 permit ip any any Corp1(config)#int fa0/1 Corp1(config-if)#ip access-group 100 out Corp1(config-if)

Frank Norris’ work “Vandover and the Brute” Essay

The development of sexuality in Frank Norris’ work â€Å"Vandover and the Brute† is an interesting reflection of the Puritanical views that Americans have towards sexuality, promiscuity and the consequences thereof. The importance of this book is that it openly examined this value system in 1914, a time when Vandover’s behavior, even without the lycanthropy, was considered brutish and improper. Yet the American environment was in the midst of the first â€Å"sexual† revolution as many young women of the 1920s would don clothing that revealed their flesh and boyish haircuts for the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Again in the 1960s, the next major era of women’s rights movements, sexuality would be tied to freedom and women would equate burning their bras and free love with freedom and independence. This book then is a look at how a young man might acquire the values of the community around him without ever being taught directly that sex is dirty and that women are somehow degraded when they participate in it. The interesting thing about Norris’ work, which was published after his death, is that Vandover managed to acquire these misguided notions of sexuality on his own. In the first chapter, the author points out that during his adolescent years Vandover’s only female contact was with the housekeeper with whom he was constantly at odds. In addition, because his father would not discuss sexuality with him, he was forced to turn to an Encyclopedia Britannica to answers his questions about women and sex. He was subjected to the crude jokes and unconscious sexual immaturity of boys going through puberty, but without a mother, governess or other strong feminine influence to teach him right from wrong. Indeed, if one assumes that the author was in fact trying to make a statement about society rather than just tell a story about a maladjusted young man in the late 19th century, it becomes clear from the very first chapters that one of Norris’ indictments is against Vandover’s father and his unwillingness to talk to his son about the facts of life. In dead, one of the underlying themes through the entire work is the idea that people only hint at their feelings and do not openly discuss the sexual nature of humanity even though it is a significant portion of their lives. One of the most interesting facets of this book is the discussion of Vandover’s first sexual encounter and his embarrassment and guilt over it. If the situation had perhaps been handled with some amount of discussion, it might have prevented the events that would later occur, including Vandover’s seduction of a â€Å"good girl†, her subsequent suicide, and his eventuality degradation to gambling and alcoholism. The author’s message that society needs to quit hiding its own nature and covering for the high class when they engage in reckless behavior is evident mid-book when Haight explains to Vandover that several of the young, classy women at a cotillion were drunk. Haight tells his friends that society should call a spade a spade and that when women of class drink too much they should be considered drunk as much as any man. This dual criticism of the means by which people receive a sexual education and the double-standards applied to men and women is perhaps the most interesting passage in the book. Another interesting idea that Norris sets forth through the theme of the book and the story itself is that Vandover’s sexuality and promisecuity are to blame for the turn of events for him, including the loss of his family fortune and his new role as a werewolf. Interestingly, rather than approaching the concept that Vandover’s situation might be a result of his addictive behavior including his sexually predatory nature, his alcoholism and his gambling addiction, the reader is left with the idea that the bad things which happen to him are consequences of his sexuality alone. Though Norris portrays Vandover throughout the novel as a weak-willed individual who is too lazy to work hard and get what he wants out of life, everything in his life is blamed on his sexuality and his desire for women of a certain type. The fact that Vandover does not settle down with a fine, upstanding woman, regardless of his feelings for her is seen as an affront to society as a whole. The most important messages about sexuality that are relayed via â€Å"Vandover and The Brute† are the concepts that sexuality exists as it does because people don’t talk about it and that there are consequences for sexual behavior. The first concept is perhaps the most intriguing because it still applies now, almost 100 years later. Though we do not have the same level of closed-mouth attitudes toward sex as Vandover encountered, it is not uncommon even in the modern day to find parents of high school students who do not want their children exposed to sex education for fear that the education will lead to promiscuity. Instead of teaching real information regarding the dangers, both physical and emotional, of beginning a sexual relationship at the wrong time, too many parents concentrate on the Puritanical approach to sex education, associating it with guilt and sin. Young people are not properly educated regarding the safety issues of sex and sexually transmitted diseases continue at epidemic levels when they could be prevented with adequate discussion of the topic. Ironically, as we approach the 100-year mark for the publication, Norris’ primary criticism of the teaching of sexuality still stands today.

Education Systems of France and America Essay

There are present many differences in the way of life between France and the United States of America; from the social structure to the job market, from the political atmosphere to the legislative structure; from the language to fashion and so on. The focus of my research paper is a comparative study of the system of education of the two nations; highlighting the individual traits of each and discussing the similarities and the differences between the two. I will focus on the following: †¢ How the educational systems of France and the USA are alike and how they differ; – Similarities and differences between the French and American primary education; – Similarities and differences between French secondary and American high schools; †¢ Approaches to educational reform undertaken by France and the U. S. An examination of these areas intends to offer a clearer insight to the French and American educational systems. Basic Differences between the French and American Systems From the origin of the two systems of education, to the policies governing teachers, the federal budget allocation for education; the dissimilarities are many. I will highlight the major differences between the two distinct systems. According to â€Å"Education in France,† 2006, in 2006, the French federal budget for education was $83 billion (or 64. 6 billion Euros) whereas the American budget was $69. 4 billion (â€Å"Education in America,† 2006). The Ministry of National Education is France’s largest employer, employing educators at every level – from elementary to professors, whereas in America, teachers are employed by district and professors directly by their respective College or University. There is no unified body, unlike the Ministry of National Education in France, which manages educator employment. French schools are comprised of four components: 1. Kindergarten or Maternelle, 2. Primary school or Ecole elementaire, 3. Junior High or College, and 4. High school or Lycee, American schools are generally divided into three or four parts, according to Cozic (1992): 1. Preschool and kindergarten 2. Junior high 3. High school France’s philosophy of education is essentially unlike that of the United States, as highlighted below, quoting Fraser (1963): â€Å"In 1957 the Ministry of National Education gave the following account of school organization in France: ‘The hierarchy of the three great branches, Primary, Secondary, and Higher, as conceived by the Constituent Assembly and built by Napoleon – to which was later added Technical Education – remains the basis of our school organization. ‘† French education is divided into three parts; basic American education is in effect branched into only two, primary and secondary, with the third component, higher education, is fast becoming a privilege, not enjoyed by too many students in the current era. The high school graduation rates also differ between the two nations. In 2001, it was estimated that 70% of American public high school students graduated (Greene & Forster, 2006). France was aiming to achieve 80% high school graduation rate. This seemingly small difference has significant consequences on the literacy levels of the nations, which then become evident in other areas, such as the employment rate, a nations technological or scientific level of advancement, higher education levels of a country (percentage of the population who has attended College or University). Differences in the Primary Educational Systems of France and USA Education at the primary level is highly stressed upon in both the countries. The principals and philosophy of education between both the nations is most similar at this stage in a child’s academic career than any other stage. Kindergarten and elementary school, or maternelle and ecole elementaire is viewed as a critical juncture in the life of a child. Attendance in kindergarten and maternelle is compulsory in both the countries; however parents chose to send their children at as young an age as possible – 3 or 4 being the average age of attendance. In France, preschool or maternelle is divided into three one-year periods. These are: 1. Petite section (age 3), 2. Moyenne section (age 4), and 3. Grande section (age 5). There exist also pre-maternelle institutions (or daycare centers), which parents often decide to send their children to (Lee& Sivell, 2000). Primary School Children of both France and the U. S. are required to attend primary schools. In France, a national mandate has been set which dictates the compulsory school attendance of all six year old children ( Education in France,† 2006). This isn’t the case in America, where the policies differ between the states. A child can start at 5, or 6 depending on the educational laws in the state of residence. It is generally agreed however that children in both America and France should attend school as early as possible, which proves to be beneficial in the cognitive and learning development of a child; helps to develop their social skills and instills disciplinary values. Elementary School Elementary school attendance in both the nations is compulsory too. In America, this usually entails the duration between 6 years to 11 or 12, depending on the state’s (of residence) policy on education. The elementary schooling system runs from 1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade and so on in the American system. The sixth grade is included in the Elementary system in some state, while not in others. In France, however, due to the national guidelines on education, children begin ecole elementaire from the age of 6 to 10, in the duration of which they pass through five grades, cours preparatoire, cours elementaire premiere annee, cours elementaire deuxieme annee, cours moyen premiere annee and cours moyen deuxieme annee. In the early stages of elementary system (or ecole elementaire) of both the countries, one or two teachers are assigned to teach all the subjects, which too are very similar, including: †¢ language, †¢ history, †¢ geography, †¢ social studies, †¢ math, †¢ science, †¢ art or music and †¢ physical education Religious education is avoided at this level in France and in America only a very few Elementary schools provide religious courses. High School (or Lycee) methodology While the teaching philosophy and methods between both the countries are unique, they fundamentally serve similar purpose: equipping students with a solid educational base to prepare them for their futures. The differences between the French secondary schooling system (college, and lycee) and the American junior high and high school are many. There exist similarities too – both systems require attendance (although in France no attendance is required after the age 16). In both systems, school selection is based on the area of residence and in both nations parents can pay a little more and educate their children privately. In the American secondary system, middle or junior high is the gap of 2 or 3 years between elementary and high school. In France, however, middle school or college normally begins in grade 6, denoted as 6e, at 11 years of age. This lasts four years, going down to grade 3e when the students are about 14. Grade 2e follows, and begins the high school (lycee), a three year period, ending with their last year or terminale. In the American system, students commence junior high either at the 6th Grade (age 12) or the 7th Grade (age 13), staying at this stage for 2-3 years and then moving on to Grade 9 (or High School) around the age of 15 (Urdan, 2001, p. 112). This phase extends to four years, ending at the completion of the 12th Grade. Another major dissimilarity between the two systems is that U. S. students are usually required to take standardized tests as soon as the Grade 6, including the SATs or ACTs occasionally during middle and high school. In France, students can take the standardized tests, or the baccalaureat after the completion of their schooling, to help determine what route they’ll take after lycee. The French baccalaureat is the equivalent of the U. S. high school diploma, only difference being that French students have to clear specific tests to acquire their bac (as it is called. Also, students may decide not to take the bac, since it is â€Å"in law more an exam for entrance into university than a lycee completion exam† (â€Å"Baccalaureat† 2006). A notable aspect of the French lycee is that students are provided the opportunity to specialize in particular courses the last few years of high school. Both the U. S. and French secondary systems require student attendance, but students in France are obliged to attend only till the age of 16. After that certain exams are to be undertaken which decide what courses the student will take for the rest of his/her schooling. Students who do well on these examination are given a chance to attend a lycee to study for the baccalaureat till they are 18 years old. Vocational Courses offer those students a shortened study period of two years who don’t score well on the entrance tests. That is considered one of the strengths of the French system. Instead of isolating the vocational branch, they amalgamate it within the secondary schooling system, which is encouraging for students to not only learn about other areas within their current educational system, but to remain with their peers too. Regarding the courses, French students are permitted only a restricted number of options for the path they choose to take. They are restricted to a few courses and the number of electives they can take are very few. American students, on the other hand, aren’t restricted as such. Most schools permit their students to take electives, provided they fulfill certain pre-requisites and the extra courses will eventually help them lead up to a diploma. French students who don’t do well on the in 2nde grade exams can prepare for for Brevet d’Enseignement Professionel (BEP – a certification in teaching), or Certificat d’Aptitude Professionelle (CAP – a certificate of professional aptitude). Both these are easily adaptable to earn the student a â€Å"baccalaureat professionel,† which, although not as esteemed as a baccalaureat in other areas, like as math or science, but would still be a huge advantage to students pursuing other areas (Guichard, 2000, p. 62). French students who decide to take the bac are given a choice between three â€Å"streams†, all of which entail exclusive specializations and carry different ‘weights’. They are: 1. Scientifique (natural sciences), 2. Economique et sociale (a blend of sciences and literature with some economics and social studies), and 3. Litteraire (French language, geography, history, foreign languages and literature) (â€Å"Baccalaureat,† 2006). Educational Reform In the recent years, the topic of educational reform has been gaining momentum. The Bush administration set forth a â€Å"Leave No Child Behind† educational reform policy (McGuinn, 2006), with the aim of providing education to every child in the United States. Similarly, in France, educational reform often turns into political issue for the leaders, who bicker over sections of the core curriculum in regards to what is best for the nation. There is a significant disparity between reform in France and America. As stated earlier, France has a standardized curriculum for its public schools, whereas in the United States, the curriculum has to be set by the states and school districts. This is one of the reasons French educational reform is less extensive than the reform bills and acts passed in the U. S. to modify the educational system. Conclusion Taking into view all the ways in which education differs between France and the United States, it is debatable which country has the superior system. Each of the two countries have pros and cons. The question of which system is superior is irrelevant in this context. There is no one correct or incorrect way to educate a child; what works well for one student might fail for another. Selecting one structure over the other would be meaningless since both have their own set of accolades and setbacks.

Impact of television on professional sports Essay

It was in late 1940’s and beginning of 1950’s that television was introduced to the common people. In the words of Marc and Thompson, â€Å"Marshall McLuhan who was earning the distinction of becoming the first ‘media critic,’ described television in the 1950’s as an ‘electronic hearth,’ a kind of proto-cyberworld fireplace, around which families were gathering during this new stage of post-industrial existence. (2005, p. 55) Following sports became completely different with the advent of television. Now there was no need to waste entire day to watch one’s favourite game in the stadium or strain one’s ears to keep track of the latest happenings in the fields through the radio. Those who had not yet brought this powerful medium of entertainment home used to be a part of â€Å"a crowd of people standing in the street in front of an appliance dealership watching TV through the store window. † (Marc and Thompson, 2005, p. 53) So people at homes or as sidewalk audiences started cheering the sportsmen for their efforts that was visible on screen. The television enhanced the status of sports as a social activity that could be viewed at the comfort of homes. It also introduced the masses to different kinds of sports. Earlier people were aware of the sports that were common in their country only. Due to television sportsmen of diverse kinds of sports became household names. Television gave the sportsmen, the fame and recognition across the continents. This was unimaginable otherwise. Boyle and Haynes observed, â€Å"today it is difficult to imagine football without television or a television schedule bereft of football. † (2004, p. 7) This observation is true in a wider context too. Television sector has undergone tremendous growth. Hundred of channels all over the world are dedicated to sports, which telecast not only the game but also each and every aspect of the players’ lives. The top sportsmen enjoy the same fan following and power as the film stars. Where there is maddening fan following and popularity, can money be behind? The salaries of the top players in all the sports have soared really high. It’s no wonder that popular games like tennis, football, cricket etc. have become businesses in their own right. There has been major commercialization of sports since 1950’s – the advent of television. Talking about football Boyle and Haynes lamented, â€Å"the increasing influence that television has exercised over the sport and the unhealthy degree to which clubs have become dependant on television income have meant that the economic aspects of the game have become of considerable interest. † (2004, p. 8) This pathetic state of affairs can be identified with the economics of other professional sports too. All the different sports can be addressed as different products. The mushrooming of rival leagues in each category of product can be compared to different brands of that category, which are constantly trying to outdo each other. This competition or war amongst the rival leagues is benefiting them but deteriorating the spirit of sports. The flow of television money has turned competitive balance into competitive imbalance. However Wigglesworth argued, â€Å"commercialism has always been present in sport in one form or another. It may have begun with the donation of prizes by local tradesmen at holy day recreations and have become more highly organized in rural sports, often sponsored by publicans. † (2007, p. 35) According to Wigglesworth commercialization has helped in the growth of professionalism. This indicates that before 1950’s it was impossible to consider sports as a profession because the players were not paid proper salaries. Thus all the players used to dabble with other professions in order to keep their kitchens running. Since the advent of television, sports have been started being recognised as one of the well-paid professions and each decade after 1950’s has seen a further hike in the players’ salary. The channel boom in the past decade has made the picture rosier for the players as far as their salaries are concerned. Talking about the growth of leagues Wigglesworth observed, â€Å" money from television coverage and all the associated media opportunities was the spur for the bigger clubs to organize themselves into a league†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2007, p.129). He further elaborated â€Å"even cycling clubs have derived commercial benefits from increased television coverage of the sport during the 1980’s and 1990’s. â€Å"(2007, p. 132) It is since the 1980’s that the television started changing the conventional scenario of sports at a much greater pace than ever before. Some of the top rival leagues, which were created in 1960’s and 1970’s to promote sports, merged sports and media and have even started running their own sport channels, thus taking their rivalry to newer areas. The following statement of Holland paints a gloomy picture of the impact of television on sports: â€Å" As the broadcasting of sport gradually becomes as important as the event itself, there has been growing concern over the adaptation of the sports to suit the needs of television. † (2000, p. 138) It is threatening that all the sports event have become a ground of cut throat competition between the satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasters. To get the exclusive rights of the major sporting events these parties have been bidding higher and higher. This factor has shook competitive balance to a great extent, which has started proving detrimental for the sports on the whole. So to conclude the impact of television has been both good and bad across all sports, whether it is cricket, rugby, boxing, swimming, horse riding tennis etc. It has been most beneficial to the players of popular sports, financially. The creation of rival leagues can be viewed a positive impact but growing unhealthy rivalry amongst them and competitive imbalance has been some of the drawbacks of television. In the words of Wigglesworth, â€Å"One result of the commercialization of sport through television has been the depersonalization of spectator sport with the old fashioned ‘fan’ becoming simply a customer. † (2007, p. 164). References Boyle, R. and Haynes, R. (2004). Football In The New Media Age. New York: Routledge Holland, P. (2000). The Television Handbook. (2nd ed. ). New York: Routledge. Marc, D. and Thompson, R. J. Television In The Antenna Age: A Concise History. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Walvin, J. (1978). Leisure and Society. UK: Longman. Wigglesworth, N. (2007). The Story Of Sport In England. New York: Routledge.

A Study on How Alzheimer’s disease connects To the Human Immune System

A Study on How Alzheimer’s disease connects To the Human Immune System The immune system is the bodies strongest defense against serious illnesses, yet it cannot prevent every serious issue. Even the healthiest of individuals can contract a serious or even fatal non-communicable condition such as cancer and fibromyalgia just to name a few. The immune system is extremely complex in how it operates and defends the body from disease. In recent news, â€Å"fresh evidence that the bodys immune system interacts directly with the brain could lead to a new understanding of diseases from multiple sclerosis to Alzheimers.† If a link between the immune system and a mental degeneration issue can be found, then the possibility of discovering a cure for Alzheimer’s is more feasible than anticipated. The research behind this link is still relatively new, and tests are still being conducted to come to a further conclusion on how the Alzheimer’s condition can be silenced through the immune system. Studies of the brain have established quite a few li nks between the immune system and serious medical condition prevention. To expand on that point, â€Å"a study of human and monkey brains found lymphatic vessels — a key part of the bodys immune system — in a membrane that surrounds the brain and nervous system, a team reported Tuesday in the online journal eLife.† Rigorous testing is only the first step towards discovering a cure or treatment for a serious disease. Furthermore, testing animals is an essential aspect of introducing a new treatment option to the world. For instance, â€Å"the new finding bolsters recent evidence in rodents that the brain interacts with the bodys lymphatic system to help fend off diseases and remove waste. Until a few years ago, scientists believed that the brains immune and waste removal systems operated independently.† Even until recently, the understanding of Alzheimer’s has long been shrouded in uncertainty, and there are several more discoveries to be made on be half of the condition. To find a link between Alzheimer’s and the body’s immune system, the Alzheimer’s issue itself requires examination. What is Alzheimer’s? The Alzheimer’s condition is a more advanced form of dementia, a disease that slowly eats away at the tissues of the brain. Dementia in itself is not that harmful of a condition due to its slow progression. However, Alzheimer’s effects the structure of the brain much faster and more aggressively than the more timid forms of dementia. In fact, â€Å"Alzheimers is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimers disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases.† A large portion of the dementia community suffers from the Alzheimer’s condition, making this illness an epidemic. Alzheimer’s cannot be caught, yet it is closely associated with genetics and hereditary traits. Alzheimer’s and dementia are considered to be conditions for the elderly, yet early onset dementia or Alzheimer’s is prevalent in North America among several other countries. A recent study revealed that â€Å"the majority of people with Alzheimers are 65 and older. But Alzheimers is not just a disease of old age. Approximately 200,000 Americans under the age of 65 have younger-onset Alzheimer’s disease (also known as early-onset Alzheimer’s).† This statistic can come across as startling to the individuals that believe that Alzheimer’s and dementia only attack the elderly and mentally ill. The most frightening aspect of the Alzheimer’s condition spawns from the uncertainty of the condition itself. Many individuals know of Alzheimer’s or have at least heard about the condition, yet this disease is not completely comprehendible. By definition, â€Å"Alzheimers is a progressive disease, where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over a number of years. In its early stages, memory loss is mild, but with late-stage Alzheimers, individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to their envir onment.† Since the Alzheimer’s disease destroys the fabric of the mind, the once normal bodily functions of the Alzheimer’s patient have been compromised. With the mind compromised, the body will follow the digressive path of the mental health condition. This will also directly influence the body’s immune system, creating a link between Alzheimer’s and the defense system of the body. What Does the Immune System do? The immune system serves as an armor of sorts, and it defends the body against specific irritations. These irritations include bacteria and any foreign element that the body considered harmful. A normal functioning immune system does its best to eliminate and prevent chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis. To expand on that note, â€Å"the immune system interacts with the brain is fundamental to how multiple sclerosis develops and how we treat multiple sclerosis, Reich says. However, the immune system is unable to prevent the body from contracting more damaging conditions such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. As far as Alzheimer’s and dementia operate, the chemistry and the structural integrity of the brain is compromised. For instance, â€Å"these diseases occur as certain toxic waste products accumulate in the brain. And lymphatic vessels appear to be part of the system that usually removes these waste products.† With the brain not operating the way it was des igned, the immune system has almost no chance of defending the body. To elaborate on that point, â€Å"the immune system protects the body like a guardian from harmful influences from the environment and is essential for survival. It is made up of different organs, cells and proteins and aside from the nervous system, it is the most complex system that the human body has.† Each organ works together in order to form a functional body and create a healthy and active human being. The immune system is tangible in the sense of how it can be treated or enhanced. Despite the normal functions of the immune system, a deconstructive mental illness such as Alzheimer’s can destroy the entire body of left untreated. How is the Immune System linked to Alzheimer’s? Since every section of the body is connected through a series of organs and vessels, the immune system plays a major role in how everything in the body is protected. In recent studies, there has been â€Å"some evidence that there are vessels here that are behaving different from blood vessels, Reich says. But we werent sure that they were lymphatic vessels. The blood vessels in the brain are incredibly necessary for the immune system to work as well as it can. Blood provides oxygen to the brain as well as every other organ in the body, only further creating a link between the immune system and serious medical conditions. To put it into perspective, â€Å"without an immune system, a human being would be just as exposed to the harmful influences of pathogens or other substances from the outside environment as to changes harmful to health happening inside of the body.† The brain is perhaps the most important organ in the body besides the heart, which is also controlled by the b rain. Every organ in the body takes its orders from the brain, otherwise known as the control center for the body. The brain is essentially the nucleus for the body, and the Alzheimer’s disease would be considered the enemy to the brains normal operations. Alzheimer’s as a disease is detrimental to the mental state of a once healthy individual. It is widely understood that quality health is a product of a proper and balanced diet, as well as a productive exercise regimen. However, there are exceptions to this basic human principle on a healthy lifestyle. For example, â€Å"illness can occur if the performance of the immune system is compromised, if the pathogen is especially aggressive, or sometimes also if the body is confronted with a pathogen it has not come into contact before.† The immune system attacks almost every foreign entity that enters the body, yet it cannot defend the body against every problem that the body comes in contact with. The research behind how the body reacts to certain substances and diseases is conducted each day. Today, scientists are generating new and innovative ideas to find a link between the immune system and harmful diseases such as Alzheimer’s. For instance, â€Å"scientists inje cted a special dye into the bloodstream, then watched to see where it went. They focused on the dura mater, the outermost membrane that protects the brain and nervous system.† Scientists are currently trying to pin point exactly where the Alzheimer’s disease is developed in the brain. Following the path of the fluids in the brain should serve as an indication of where the actual problem is located. Scientists and researchers found that â€Å"it wasnt clear how these waste products were draining out of the head. Now it appears that at least some of the waste might be exiting through the lymphatic system.† Alzheimer’s appears to be unstoppable in the society of today, yet this is not entirely true. As of right now, there is no cure for the Alzheimer’s dementia condition, but medical science is incredibly close to solving this complication. The Alzheimer’s condition takes so much away from the brain, yet giving up on finding a cure is a memory t hat needs to be erased. As long as an individual is alive, there will always be hope for a cure.

Police Brutality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Police Brutality - Research Paper Example Although it is not an overstatement that community policing in a free world like the United States is similar to cutting through a mountain with bare teeth! It is indeed a difficult task that requires arduous concentration, serious planning and cutting-edge management (U.S Department of Justice, 1998). The presence of multi-cultural communities in many cities and towns across the country even makes this task appears more complicated. Each member of the communities aspires for equal treatment under the law when it comes to the issue of policing (Walter, 2000). But could such demanding circumstance put a strain on the police officers’ performance and turned them into violent or aggressive officer exterminating the defenseless citizens they are paid to protect? Even though they have their own prejudice, police officers are required by laws and ethics to justly handle each case. In order words, they should see their job as servants to the entire population, not just to satisfy the ideology of their own race or religious affiliations once they are in the uniforms (Mastrofski, 1999). However, instances of overtly use of force and weapons peppered by racial prejudice have often come up between the civilians and the police officers (Milton et al, 1977). And in these situations, the affected civilians who might have felt cheated and embarrassed could also often resort to self-defense.In the course of the melee, either the police officer or the civilian may have an upper hand in the scuffle, and one of them might mistakenly take the life of the other!

Syria and Iraq Post-Hashemite Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Syria and Iraq Post-Hashemite Leadership - Essay Example   Syria also had the same scenario because the dictatorial rule stills reigned. However, the dictatorial rule did not affect the economic stability of both nations. The aim of the regimes was power rather than economic tussles. The only setback was that the increase of the coups paved way for many coups. In this regard, the dictatorial rule was experienced even during the reign of Saddam Hussein in Iraq. Qasim was a great leader, although he applied autocratic leadership. His assertiveness made the country economically stable during the reign. His ability to harness the support of the Soviet Union was instrumental in keeping the British off the oil-rich zones of Iraq. The leader made great strides in the protection of the natural resources of the Republic of Iraq. The initiation of a constitution for the country portrayed him as a democratic leader. Tripp asserts that anarchy was counterproductive during the reign of King Faisal.2 The leader was also a man of the people because he had direct contact with his subjects, although the tendency enabled his opponents to stage a coup incognito. The leader also allowed the freedom of expression. The fact that the civil rights groups, al-Rabita, were clamoring for the freedom to the women indicated that the leaders were liberal although the Islamic culture prohibits the women from certain practices. The leader’s ignorance of the outsid ers and the internal rebels was spotted. His protection of the oil reserves of the nation was important for the nation’s economic stability. The Iraq Petroleum Company played a major role in the extraction, processing, control, and supply of oil. The company had the machinery and equipment for the extraction of oil from oil wells.  

Health care interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health care interview - Assignment Example The department is characterized with highly trained emergency staff comprising of Board-certified physicians, mid-level providers, medical residents and fully certified nurses. Parkland is a level 1 trauma center and is well known for the burn center. The burn unit is one of the largest burn units in the United States of America, making it a special and exceptional in this facility. The burn center houses a Burn Acute Care Unit, Burn Intensive Care Unit, and a Burn Care Outpatient Center. The North Texas and its environs are served by Parkland’s Burn Center. This burn unit is comprehensive and thorough since it is characterized by the most recent research, technologies and products (pharmaceuticals and machinery) for the treatment of burn-related injuries that result from chemicals, flames, electrical and scalds. The burn unit is also capable of treating complicated skin infection and disorders with equal measure. Tamika Cook, the director of Parkland Health and Hospital System Dallas, was the interviewee and currently she leads Patient Financial Services/ Patient Registration at Parklands. The purpose of this position is to provide management and leadership for this department. She is also responsible to make sure that the workers in this department work supportively and cooperatively with medical staff to provide quality services for the patients brought in the department. Due to the fact that the department is very significant, she is also responsible of preparing the departments’ budget. Finally, she monitors the needs of the community and provide important input into the department’s system. The sensitivity of this department requires a person who is certified in medicine, has proven clinical and administrative skills. The person should also demonstrate impeccable abilities of financial, marketing and managerial in aspects of medicine. The department’s clients compri se of internal and external customers from hospital

Christian Dior's existing and recommended luxury brand strategies Assignment

Christian Dior's existing and recommended luxury brand strategies - Assignment Example ................................................................. 4 2.1 Importance of Conducting Brand Audit ............................................... 4 2.2 Interrelationship between Brand Positioning, Brand Association, Brand Identity, Brand Image, and Core Brand Value in Creating Brand Equity .......................................................................................... 6 2.3 Significance of Points-of-Differences and Points-of-Parity in Brand Positioning .................................................................................. 11 2.4 Importance of Brand Communication Campaign ................................. 11 2.5 Significance of Marketing Mix in the Use of Integrated Marketing Communication .................................................................... 12 3. Research Methodology ............................................................................................ 13 4. Analysis of Current Luxury Brand Audit and Its Strategies ............. ...................... 14 5. Recommended Luxury Brand Strategies ............................................................... 16 References ......................................................................................................................... 17 – 21 Appendix I – Dior’s Fashion Designs ................................................................................ ... fashion designer, Christian Dior sells a wide-range of fashion clothing for men and women of all ages, footwear, accessories, leather goods, fragrance, beauty products like make-up and skin care products, jewelleries, and timepieces (Christian Dior, 2013a). Today, Dior is competing with other luxury brands like Calvin Klein, Chanel, Givenchy, Gucci, Prada, Ralph Lauren, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) among others (Kapferer, 2008, p. 97). To ensure that the company is able to make its products readily available to its target customers, Dior is currently operating a total of 235 boutiques all over the world (Hoovers, 2013). On top of the number of boutiques this company is currently managing, Dior allows other retailers to sell its wide-range of men, women, and baby clothing, lingerie, perfumes, and other accessories under a limited number of business license (Lynne, 2013). As a luxury brand, Dior is one of the most successful in the world market. With total sales of â‚ ¬1.24 billion, Christian Dior Couture recently announced that the brand managed to experience a 24% increase in its total sales as of 2012 (Diderich, 2013; Fenner, 2013; Karmali, 2013; Spedding, 2013). 1.1 Significance of the Project The global economic and financial crisis which started back in 2007 has a significant impact over the economic instability which most developed and developing countries are currently experiencing (United Nations, 2011). Despite the financial and economic difficulty, it is surprising to know that the luxury brand such as in the case of Christian Dior has recently experienced a sharp growth in its annual sales (Diderich, 2013; Fenner, 2013; Karmali, 2013; Spedding, 2013). For this reason, the luxury brand Christian Dior was purposely chosen as the subject of this

Criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Criminal justice - Essay Example As an account to the shaking history of humanitarian catastrophes as well as undoubtedly horrifying awakening to the 20th century in the face of the events leading to World’s FIRST WORDL WAR and the events following it, this article will look into the region most recently in headlines for its problems coming undisturbed straight from the time of start of the century, the BALKANS. The rest of the article also discusses the phenomenon that has now deeply rooted itself in the labyrinths of our minds as an everlasting memory which is being refreshed time and again by the terrorists. We will also look into the impact of the fall of soviet unionand its effect on global terrorism.Balkans is the transit of civilization. It is seen as a connection between three great cultures, the Asian, European and the African culture. And when we have such a strategic and delicate place to be living in, there are bound to be some rifts and discontent among the people who don’t recognize themselves with respect to the region of their birth. Anything can happen right from local interests up to the global interests fighting for the domination over the whole area. And whenever we have wars resulting from the rift, we have political fragmentation and making more states. The initial ottoman empire that was thrown out of the power by the mutual wars that the surrounding countries exercised upon it could not stand up from there and was thrown out along with its rich and ancient culture (along with its historical domination with respect to culture, people and the heir). ... Separation , cruelty and hatred between small ethnic groups developed end of 18th and 19th century because that was the time when the European power: the balance between Russian and Turkish powers was very important and the small Balkan nation demanding its own authority was not given a thought and expectations from Europe to decide upon some conclusion was depressing. The Balkan word is of Turkish origin meaning rocky mountains and this area consists of five states namely Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania. The geographical condition Criminal justice 4 of Balkans divides the east from the west Europe. The Balkans is under equipped in terms of communication it is cut off from Adriatic coast, lacks fertile land and the people of the area are separated and there is a tendency towards social isolation and further complimented by divergent temperatures. The Balkan region is primarily dependent on agriculture and the industrialization is on a very small scale, and there is a scarce rainfall and larger density of population lives on cultivable land, which is very less. There is wide variety of languages, religions and races that contribute to political divisions and social schisms and historical events have resulted in perpetual minority problems. Due to this varied pedigree of people there was tension and rivalry among them but even after the balkan wars of 1912-1913, the concluding WWI peace treaties around 6 million people were under the permanent ethnic minority groups and these were the sources of tension and rivalries. Poor economic conditions have usually led to political instability, power politics and dictatorial regimes.[1] TERRORISM IN BALKANS Terrorism and the Balkan

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Essay Example Names are vital representation of one’s self and therefore, it can be correctly assumed that people would like to have names which can be a catalyst to their personal and professional success. Korwitt’s target market is primarily the segment that strongly believes in nameology. People, who are going through tough times and continuously face obstacles in their personal and professional lives, are also hugely motivated to change their names for a brighter future. Thus, Korwitt’s business is focused towards the people who are superstitious and have strong inclination to embrace non traditional concepts to improve their current situation and resolve dilemma that may be detracting them from success in life. Although Korwitt’s business is unique in its perspective, she nevertheless faces challenges from the people who are into astrology. Some of the products, especially from far-east countries like India and China, which are believed to bring good tidings, are becoming increasingly popular amongst the western population and therefore, they can also be considered as threat to Korwitt’s

Whitney Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Whitney - Case Study Example As the discussion highlights more emphasis would be put on client and customer by introducing new program on Social skills. Focus would be on developing skills in social networking and developing constructive human relationship. It is vital as Whitney is in consultation where people are required to interact with diverse population. The new recruits should undergo training as it would help them to understand the organizational culture and facilitate their integration with the system so their competencies can be better exploited to suit the needs of the clients. If and when the employees or executives are required to cater to new requirements of client and if their academic qualifications and experience requirement additional inputs, they must undergo training to upgrade their skills for optimal performance. Whitney must evaluate its programs through performance measurement and feedback from clients and in-house colleagues. This would help to evaluate the effectiveness of programs as and when used with clients. Improvements on social skills could also gauged through feedback from colleagues and satisfaction of clients.

The unpredictable course of revenge In the play Essay Example for Free

The unpredictable course of revenge In the play Essay In the play, Hamlet, Shakespeare is depicting revenge as something that is inevitable and starts a chain of reaction that ends in self-destruction. In the process of revenge there are foreign agents that are also trapped as the revenge progresses. This is when the play is at its peak. The eventual result is death of everyone with the exception of minor character, which played key role in the main characters development. In this case it is Horatio, Hamlets life long friend. The one common thing in the play is that the eldest son in each of the three families is avenging the death of their father. see more:theme in hamlet When Hamlet was in the process to take revenge of his father another action occurred, the killing of Polonious by Hamlet who is Laertes father. This shows how one revenge leads to another. Throughout the play Hamlet is slowed by many choices he has to make. One example is when he gets the chance to kill Claudius while he was in prayer he did not act. He did this because he wanted more than revenge that is he wanted Claudius to suffer eternally in hell. As Hamlet says, Now might I do it pat, now he is praying; And now Ill dot. And so he goes to heaven; And so am I revenged. That would be scannd: A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven (Act 3, Scene 3) There are many motives behind Hamlets revenge against Claudius. Apparently it seems that Hamlet wants only to kill Claudius but as the quote below describes Hamlet is depressed on the surface but inside him there is more trouble, because of his love of Ophelia. How is it that the clouds still hang on you? Hamlet: Not so, my lord; I am too much Im the sun. (Act 1, Scene 3) Here he is trying to conceal the real reason and is feigning madness. Hamlet wants Claudius to think that he is depressed because of death of his father. Another reason for his slowness is that he has inner conflict that he is unstable about. He is asking himself should he just take what fate has for him or should he try to change it. As Hamlet says in his speech To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep (Act 3, Scene 1) This is where he is thinking about the reality of life and asking himself should he face it or not. Hamlet determination for the revenge is so intense that he is asking is life worth living. Hamlet says, What is a man, If his chief good and market of his time Is but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more. (Act 4, Scene 4) Here he is asking that man only sleeps and eats that is all he does in a nutshell. He wants to know if this is the kind of life worth living. This shows that to Hamlet life is more than sleep and feed. It should be combination of more than these two things. He seems to be balancing his act of revenge against life. To him it makes sense because at least he will do something in life that is worth it, that is take revenge against his fathers death. In those days people were very religious and they adhere to their religion in every aspect of their life. That is why Hamlet does not kill Claudius right away because he wants to do it justly according to the Christian religion. This leads Hamlet to first prove Claudius guilt by performing a mock play and telling his friend, Horatio, to observe Claudius reactions as if they are guilty or not. Hamlet gets a second chance to kill Claudius but he forfeits the opportunity. Laertes is silent in the sense of what he is doing. He is a very respected in the court of the King because before going to France he asks the King for permission. Laertes also has good morals because of the advice he gives to his sisters. But as time goes by he starts to change because he got trapped in the chain reaction of Hamlet. Laertes life changes dramatically after his father polonius is killed by Hamlet by accident as the quote says, How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead (Act 3, Scene 4). Hamlet kills Polonius by accident. In the aftermath Ophelia drowns herself. Laertes and polonious have a very good relationship because he gives a fatherly advise to his son Laertes. In a way polonious also cares about his son because he sends Reynaldo to spy on him. This might seemed like a bad idea but it was normal in those days. After the death of Polonius Laertes blames Claudius for his fathers killing but King Claudius tells him that it was Hamlet who was behind the killing. This is when the play takes another turn because Claudius makes a scheme to kill Hamlet by poisoning him. As Laertes puts it: It is here, Hamlet: Hamlet, thou art slain; No medicine in the world can do thee good (Act 5, Scene 2) This is when Laertes is talking to Hamlet and tells him that he will poison him with venom that no medicine will come to his rescue. This shows dramatic change in Laertes attitude, which lead him to the revenge mode. Shakespeares implied message is that revenge is something that has unpredictable course and inevitably leads to involvement of others that are not relevant to the revenge. Hamlet only wanted to take revenge against Claudius but in the process he ends up killing Polonius. He had not in mind to kill him but circumstances lead him to a path that changed his life. This in turn has the domino affect because Ophelia drowns herself because of esoteric reasons presumably because of her fathers death.